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中共棗莊特委領導“七月大罷工”

發布日期:2019年01月03日        

1931 年春天(tian),中共棗莊特委成立,田位東(dong)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)任書記,鄭(zheng)乃序(xu)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)任副書記兼做(zuo)宣傳(chuan)工作,邱煥(huan)文同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)為委員(yuan)(yuan)。同(tong)(tong)時成立了互濟會,掩護(hu)和(he)護(hu)送干部,籌(chou)集資(zi)金,解決黨的經濟困難,負責營救被捕同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)。在黨的組織發(fa)展(zhan)方面,先后發(fa)展(zhan)了邱煥(huan)文、孫伯(bo)英等多(duo)名黨員(yuan)(yuan)。

1931 年 5 月,棗(zao)莊煤(mei)礦大(da)把頭鄧(deng)西(xi)惠(hui)多次欠(qian)發(fa)(fa)工(gong)人工(gong)資(zi),黨組織在組織發(fa)(fa)動工(gong)人進行斗爭的(de)同時(shi)(shi),向其提(ti)出(chu)(chu)三條要(yao)求(qiu) :第(di)(di)一,準(zhun)時(shi)(shi)交接班(ban) ;第(di)(di)二,加班(ban)超過 4 小時(shi)(shi)或上(shang)班(ban)路上(shang)有病不(bu)能再干活也得發(fa)(fa)工(gong)資(zi) ;第(di)(di)三,半月工(gong)資(zi)到 15 號就得按時(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)。大(da)把頭鄧(deng)西(xi)惠(hui)迫于(yu)工(gong)人壓(ya)力,答(da)應了(le)(le)工(gong)人提(ti)出(chu)(chu)的(de)以(yi)上(shang)三條要(yao)求(qiu)。這次斗爭的(de)勝利鼓舞了(le)(le)工(gong)人群(qun)眾的(de)斗志,進而為 1932 年棗(zao)莊煤(mei)礦工(gong)人大(da)罷工(gong)的(de)爆發(fa)(fa)打下了(le)(le)堅(jian)實的(de)基(ji)礎。

當(dang)(dang)時,棗(zao)莊煤(mei)(mei)礦工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)受(shou)著極其嚴(yan)重的剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)壓(ya)榨(zha)(zha)(zha),過著牛馬不(bu)(bu)如的悲慘(can)生活。殘酷剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)壓(ya)榨(zha)(zha)(zha)棗(zao)莊煤(mei)(mei)礦工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的有(you)(you)經理和德國礦師(shi)(shi)克禮柯(ke),還(huan)有(you)(you)煤(mei)(mei)師(shi)(shi)監工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之類,最厲(li)害(hai)的就是(shi)(shi)“包(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)柜(ju)”(剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)壓(ya)榨(zha)(zha)(zha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)的機構)。這些壓(ya)在煤(mei)(mei)礦工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)頭上(shang)(shang)的剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)者,對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)三個特權 :一(yi)是(shi)(shi)隨便解(jie)雇工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren) ;二是(shi)(shi)公開克扣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資,迫使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)送(song)(song)禮,組織工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)賭博,發放(fang)高(gao)利(li)貸 ;三是(shi)(shi)“包(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)柜(ju)”專門設有(you)(you)查頭子、二頭子,對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)進行(xing)開鋪子、包(bao)洞子,指空賣空。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)如不(bu)(bu)送(song)(song)禮就被送(song)(song)進熱窩(井(jing)下危險(xian)的地方(fang)),上(shang)(shang)不(bu)(bu)來井(jing)筒(tong)、看不(bu)(bu)見爹娘就死(si)了。那時在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)流(liu)傳(chuan)著“井(jing)下睡(shui)一(yi)覺,銅(tong)錢二百吊”這么一(yi)句(ju)(ju)話。這句(ju)(ju)話說明當(dang)(dang)時工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)死(si)在井(jing)下只值二百吊銅(tong)錢,還(huan)不(bu)(bu)如資本家的一(yi)匹馬值錢。

資本家(jia)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)剝削(xue)壓迫越甚(shen),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)對資本家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)抗斗爭就(jiu)(jiu)越烈,1932 年(nian)農(nong)(nong)歷(li) 6 月爆發的(de)(de)(de)棗莊煤(mei)礦(kuang)大(da)罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)反(fan)抗剝削(xue)、反(fan)抗壓迫的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)壯舉。在中共(gong)棗莊特委的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織領導下,1932 年(nian)農(nong)(nong)歷(li) 6 月 13 日上午 8時(shi)(shi)(shi),4000 多(duo)(duo)名工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)在棗莊南(nan)面的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)里(li)(li)泉召開(kai)(kai)大(da)會(hui),宣布罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)始。大(da)會(hui)喊的(de)(de)(de)口號是(shi)“無產階級(ji)聯合起來”“里(li)(li)外工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兄弟團(tuan)結起來”。大(da)會(hui)向資本家(jia)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求是(shi) :減少(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,實行 8 小時(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作制 ;取(qu)消(xiao)包工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制 ;多(duo)(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)紅立(li)(li)即發給外工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。大(da)會(hui)選派(pai)一(yi)百多(duo)(duo)名代表(biao)到礦(kuang)辦公室與資本家(jia)交(jiao)涉,當走到中興煤(mei)礦(kuang)西南(nan)門時(shi)(shi)(shi)遭(zao)到礦(kuang)警(jing)和(he)國民黨軍警(jing)的(de)(de)(de)阻攔,他們不讓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)代表(biao)進所(suo)謂“官防(fang)”,因(yin)而沒能交(jiao)涉成。田(tian)位東同志得知這個(ge)消(xiao)息后,立(li)(li)即在石(shi)碑村(cun)召集黨員會(hui),討(tao)論工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)代表(biao)被阻攔是(shi)否還(huan)要(yao)繼續罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)問題。經過(guo)黨員會(hui)議討(tao)論,決定繼續罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),堅持到底。農(nong)(nong)歷(li) 6 月 19 日在窯神廟(miao)召開(kai)(kai)第二次工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)大(da)會(hui),

貫徹石碑村(cun)黨(dang)(dang)員會議精神。田位東同志登臺演講,揭露(lu)資(zi)本家剝削壓(ya)榨工(gong)人(ren)及其卑鄙(bi)無(wu)恥(chi)的罪惡行徑,啟發和(he)(he)教(jiao)育工(gong)人(ren)要更加積(ji)極地(di)起來斗爭。他講得(de)理(li)直氣壯,條(tiao)條(tiao)是理(li),深(shen)受工(gong)人(ren)群眾(zhong)的擁護(hu)。他的講話教(jiao)育了群眾(zhong),激發了大家的斗爭熱情。黨(dang)(dang)在這次大罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)中,還發動城市學生和(he)(he)鄉村(cun)農民(min)積(ji)極支持工(gong)人(ren)大罷(ba)(ba)工(gong)。

資(zi)本家(jia)(jia)面(mian)對著(zhu)這種(zhong)情(qing)(qing)況,非常害怕。他們(men)以(yi)每(mei)人五百塊鋼(gang)洋和給個職員提干(gan)為誘餌,收買了混進(jin)工(gong)(gong)人積極分(fen)子隊伍的(de)(de)孟 ××、佟×× 兩個工(gong)(gong)賊。在(zai)窯神廟大(da)(da)會(hui)上(shang)(shang)以(yi)孟、佟二(er)工(gong)(gong)賊為眼線,動用反動軍(jun)(jun)(jun)警(jing)(jing),包(bao)圍會(hui)場,沖散大(da)(da)會(hui),逮捕(bu)了田(tian)(tian)位(wei)東(dong)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)。田(tian)(tian)位(wei)東(dong)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)昂首挺胸、理直氣壯(zhuang)地對反動軍(jun)(jun)(jun)警(jing)(jing)說(shuo) :“我們(men)為了自己(ji)的(de)(de)福(fu)利(li)才這樣做,你們(men)不應(ying)該干(gan)涉我們(men)。”田(tian)(tian)位(wei)東(dong)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)被捕(bu)后(hou),特(te)委決定讓(rang)已(yi)經(jing)暴(bao)露身份的(de)(de)鄭乃序(xu)(xu)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)離(li)開棗莊。鄭乃序(xu)(xu)在(zai)按照規定時(shi)(shi)間到十一(yi)筒碑交接工(gong)(gong)作時(shi)(shi),看到已(yi)叛變的(de)(de)佟 ×× 在(zai)那里喝粥,知道(dao)事情(qing)(qing)已(yi)經(jing)暴(bao)露。剛要躲避(bi),被礦(kuang)警(jing)(jing)刺了兩刀(dao)而倒在(zai)了地上(shang)(shang),礦(kuang)警(jing)(jing)就此(ci)將鄭乃序(xu)(xu)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)抓捕(bu)。而后(hou)敵人在(zai)中(zhong)興煤礦(kuang)東(dong)大(da)(da)樓對田(tian)(tian)位(wei)東(dong)、鄭乃序(xu)(xu)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)組織了軍(jun)(jun)(jun)法(fa)會(hui)審(shen)。當時(shi)(shi),國民(min)黨(dang)一(yi)個外號叫楊瘋子的(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)官,讓(rang)鄭乃序(xu)(xu)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)換(huan)衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu),鄭對其痛斥說(shuo) :“你們(men)是喝人民(min)血汗(han)的(de)(de),是最骯臟的(de)(de),我們(men)身上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)是最干(gan)凈的(de)(de),我們(men)決不穿你們(men)的(de)(de)骯臟衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)。”參(can)加軍(jun)(jun)(jun)法(fa)會(hui)審(shen)的(de)(de)嶧縣(xian)國民(min)黨(dang)黨(dang)部(bu)書記梁允弟、縣(xian)長張裕良、資(zi)本家(jia)(jia)代表黎(li)紹基和嶧縣(xian)國民(min)黨(dang)黨(dang)部(bu)常委代表李堅如等,對田(tian)(tian)、鄭二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo) :“你

們(men)兩(liang)個(ge)青年(nian)已誤入歧途,蘇聯(lian)的(de)共(gong)產主義(yi)不(bu)合中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)情,它在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)行(xing)不(bu)通(tong)。”田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)氣憤地(di)說 :“我們(men)救中(zhong)國(guo)(guo),實現共(gong)產主義(yi)不(bu)犯罪。”并(bing)痛(tong)斥國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)“無(wu)(wu)官不(bu)貪,禍國(guo)(guo)殃民,殘殺青年(nian)。”資本家包藏禍心,妄(wang)圖用宴席軟(ruan)化田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)位同(tong)(tong)志(zhi),他們(men)把(ba)(ba)桌子掀(xian)翻,痛(tong)罵資本家、國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)反動派卑鄙無(wu)(wu)恥,喪盡天良。敵(di)(di)人得不(bu)到(dao)(dao)任何(he)情況(kuang),又(you)把(ba)(ba)田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)押(ya)(ya)送峰縣(xian)縣(xian)城(今棗莊市嶧城鎮),不(bu)久又(you)把(ba)(ba)他們(men)押(ya)(ya)送濟(ji)南(nan)。田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)被押(ya)(ya)送到(dao)(dao)濟(ji)南(nan)后,反動省長(chang)韓(han)復榘親自審問,韓(han)先(xian)以升官發財(cai)來引誘(you),遭到(dao)(dao)田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)的(de)嚴詞拒(ju)絕 ;后又(you)以兇狠的(de)面目來威(wei)逼,又(you)被田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)痛(tong)斥了(le)一頓。敵(di)(di)人得不(bu)到(dao)(dao)任何(he)口供,于 1932 年(nian)夏天將田(tian)(tian)、鄭(zheng)二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)殺害于濟(ji)南(nan)千佛山(shan)下。

為鏟除(chu)(chu)出(chu)賣田位東、鄭乃序二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)及破壞這次(ci)大罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)賊孟(meng)×× 和(he)佟(tong)(tong)(tong) ××,山東省委組(zu)織(zhi)了一(yi)個專門(men)除(chu)(chu)奸團(tuan)(tuan)。此(ci)團(tuan)(tuan)由省委派來的魏(wei) ×× 負責,參加這個除(chu)(chu)奸團(tuan)(tuan)的其他人還有(you)邱(qiu)煥文(wen)、孫伯英、王子(zi)剛和(he)王言章。1932 年秋天,魏(wei)帶(dai)著傳單和(he)一(yi)支手槍(有(you)兩粒子(zi)彈(dan))到棗莊以南 40 里的曹馬,與孫伯英等同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)商量除(chu)(chu)掉叛徒佟(tong)(tong)(tong)×× 的計劃。打算(suan)夜里去佟(tong)(tong)(tong) ×× 家(jia)(jia),先由一(yi)個同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)去摸佟(tong)(tong)(tong)家(jia)(jia)的雞,魏(wei)守候在(zai)其門(men)旁,等佟(tong)(tong)(tong)開門(men)出(chu)來時,趁(chen)機用刀(dao)子(zi)將他捅死。后因佟(tong)(tong)(tong)已(yi)搬家(jia)(jia)而(er)鋤(chu)奸未果。直到建(jian)國后的 1950 年,黨組(zu)織(zhi)通(tong)過鄒(zou)塢區委書記孫景恩(en)的報告(gao),嶧縣縣委才把佟(tong)(tong)(tong) ×× 這個工(gong)(gong)賊逮捕,后將其判處了死刑(死在(zai)監獄里)。另(ling)一(yi)個工(gong)(gong)賊孟(meng) ×× 在(zai) 1938 年被邱(qiu)煥文(wen)和(he)梁克忠二(er)同(tong)(tong)志(zhi)在(zai)四縣邊(bian)聯(lian)抗日(ri)隊(dui)伍里查出(chu),并當場(chang)處決。

啟(qi)示(shi) :中興公司的罷工(gong)運(yun)動,雖然經歷了斗爭、失敗(bai),再斗爭、再失敗(bai),直到勝利的過程,但(dan)事實證明,只有在(zai)中國共產黨(dang)的領導下,團結廣大(da)工(gong)人階(jie)級,才能取得(de)革命(ming)斗爭的勝利

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