環境(jing)保護部(bu)“12369”環保舉報熱線通過(guo)認(ren)真受理群眾(zhong)舉報,督(du)辦(ban)舉報熱點問(wen)題(ti),定(ding)期公開舉報信(xin)息等手段,督(du)促企業(ye)嚴格履(lv)行環境(jing)安(an)(an)全(quan)主體(ti)責任,提高(gao)政府(fu)履(lv)行環境(jing)安(an)(an)全(quan)監管責任的自(zi)覺性,有效解決了一批影響群眾(zhong)健康(kang)的環境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)。
2014年,環(huan)境保護部“12369”環(huan)保舉(ju)報(bao)熱線受理(li)(li)群眾(zhong)舉(ju)報(bao)1463件(jian)(jian)(jian),目前已全部辦(ban)結,按(an)期結案率(lv)100%。舉(ju)報(bao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)涉及(ji)(ji)大氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)舉(ju)報(bao)1194件(jian)(jian)(jian)、涉及(ji)(ji)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)452件(jian)(jian)(jian)、涉及(ji)(ji)噪(zao)聲的(de)(de)(de)(de)362件(jian)(jian)(jian)、涉及(ji)(ji)固體廢棄物的(de)(de)(de)(de)65件(jian)(jian)(jian)、涉及(ji)(ji)項目審批的(de)(de)(de)(de)8件(jian)(jian)(jian)。經各(ge)級環(huan)保部門(men)現(xian)場查處(chu)(chu),舉(ju)報(bao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)環(huan)境違(wei)法問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)有1137件(jian)(jian)(jian),占總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)78%,有326件(jian)(jian)(jian)未發(fa)現(xian)群眾(zhong)反映(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,占總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)22%。各(ge)地環(huan)保部門(men)已對這(zhe)些環(huan)境違(wei)法行(xing)為依(yi)法進(jin)行(xing)了處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li),其中(zhong)(zhong)責令限期整改465件(jian)(jian)(jian)、停產治理(li)(li)321件(jian)(jian)(jian)、處(chu)(chu)以罰款(kuan)234件(jian)(jian)(jian)、現(xian)場予以糾正205件(jian)(jian)(jian)、補辦(ban)環(huan)評手(shou)續170件(jian)(jian)(jian)、取締關閉133件(jian)(jian)(jian)、移交相關部門(men)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)87件(jian)(jian)(jian)。目前,這(zhe)些處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)措施已得到(dao)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)落實。
大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染是(shi)(shi)引(yin)發群(qun)眾舉(ju)報(bao)(bao)(bao)的首因(yin)。2014年(nian)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染問(wen)題(ti)仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)群(qun)眾關注的焦(jiao)點(dian),涉及大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染的舉(ju)報(bao)(bao)(bao)占到受理總(zong)(zong)數的78%,其次是(shi)(shi)水污(wu)染和噪(zao)聲污(wu)染,分別(bie)占受理總(zong)(zong)數的31%和25%。與上年(nian)相比,大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染和噪(zao)聲污(wu)染舉(ju)報(bao)(bao)(bao)比例分別(bie)增(zeng)長(chang)了5%和1%,水污(wu)染舉(ju)報(bao)(bao)(bao)比例下降了6%。另外,由(you)于(yu)水和固廢(fei)等污(wu)染在(zai)感官(guan)上更容(rong)易(yi)以(yi)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染的形式被發現,經查實際(ji)存在(zai)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)污(wu)染的案件占到存在(zai)環境違法問(wen)題(ti)案件總(zong)(zong)數的64%。

圖1 2013年、2014年主要污染類型舉報占比
從(cong)(cong)地(di)區分(fen)布(bu)來看(kan),中東(dong)(dong)部地(di)區舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)多(duo)發形勢尚未扭轉(zhuan)。2014年(nian)舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)數量前五(wu)(wu)位(wei)的省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)份是(shi):河南(174件)、山東(dong)(dong)(149件)、江蘇(112件)、湖北(97件)、廣東(dong)(dong)(95件),五(wu)(wu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)量之和(he)占全(quan)國(guo)的43%,從(cong)(cong)往年(nian)情況看(kan),這(zhe)五(wu)(wu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)量長(chang)期(qi)位(wei)于(yu)全(quan)國(guo)前列。與上年(nian)相比,河南、湖北兩(liang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)量有(you)所增長(chang),分(fen)別為25%和(he)9%,山東(dong)(dong)、江蘇和(he)廣東(dong)(dong)三省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)量小幅下降,分(fen)別達27%、41%和(he)16%。從(cong)(cong)全(quan)國(guo)來看(kan),舉(ju)(ju)(ju)報(bao)(bao)數量最多(duo)的十個城(cheng)市均位(wei)于(yu)此五(wu)(wu)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。

圖2 2013年、2014年五省舉報量
京津冀地(di)區污(wu)染(ran)治理成(cheng)效(xiao)初顯。2014年京津冀地(di)區開展(zhan)聯(lian)(lian)防聯(lian)(lian)控,以《京津冀及周邊地(di)區落實(shi)大(da)氣(qi)污(wu)染(ran)防治行(xing)動計劃》為抓手,積極開展(zhan)污(wu)染(ran)企業(ye)治理,取得了良好成(cheng)效(xiao)。特別是河(he)北省舉(ju)報(bao)量從2013年的312件下降(jiang)至88件,降(jiang)幅達72%,舉(ju)報(bao)數量排名(ming)首次退(tui)出全國前(qian)五名(ming)。
從行業(ye)分布(bu)來看(kan),化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)污染占(zhan)比遙遙領(ling)先(xian)。2014年(nian)舉報最多的(de)行業(ye)是化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye),占(zhan)受理總數的(de)28%,其次是金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)冶煉(lian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(15%)和(he)非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)產加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(12%),三(san)者舉報量合計(ji)約(yue)占(zhan)受理總數的(de)一(yi)半。與上年(nian)相(xiang)比,三(san)大污染行業(ye)排名未發生(sheng)變化(hua),金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)冶煉(lian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)舉報比例下(xia)降了2%,化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)產加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)舉報比例上漲了5%和(he)1%。

圖3 2013年、2014年三大污染行業舉報占比
2014年(nian)環(huan)境保護部“12369”環(huan)保舉(ju)報熱線受理的各省(sheng)、自治(zhi)區、直轄(xia)市舉(ju)報數量情況、舉(ju)報量位于全國前(qian)30名的地市的有(you)關情況如下:
環境保護部“12369”環保舉報熱線2014年各省、自治區、直轄市受理舉報數量

環境保護部“12369”環保舉報熱線2014年受理舉報數量前30位的地市
