今年前三(san)季度，全國紀(ji)檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)察機關(guan)(guan)共運(yun)用(yong)(yong)監(jian)(jian)督執紀(ji)“四種形(xing)(xing)態(tai)”批評教育(yu)幫助和處理(li)124.9萬(wan)人次。其中，運(yun)用(yong)(yong)第(di)一、二種形(xing)(xing)態(tai)占比92.3%，運(yun)用(yong)(yong)第(di)三(san)、四種形(xing)(xing)態(tai)占7.7%。這組數據再(zai)次印(yin)證，紀(ji)檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)察機關(guan)(guan)是(shi)監(jian)(jian)督專(zhuan)責機關(guan)(guan)，不是(shi)專(zhuan)門(men)辦案機關(guan)(guan)。數據的(de)(de)背后，反映(ying)的(de)(de)是(shi)各級紀(ji)委監(jian)(jian)委定位向(xiang)監(jian)(jian)督聚焦，責任向(xiang)監(jian)(jian)督壓實，力量向(xiang)監(jian)(jian)督傾斜，在認真履行監(jian)(jian)督基本職(zhi)責、第(di)一職(zhi)責上邁出新步伐、取得新成效。

定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)向監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)聚(ju)焦。紀(ji)(ji)(ji)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是合署辦公的黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)和(he)(he)國(guo)家監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察專責機(ji)(ji)關(guan)，在黨(dang)(dang)(dang)和(he)(he)國(guo)家監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)體(ti)系中(zhong)處(chu)于主干位(wei)置、發揮保障作用。2017年(nian)10月，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的十九大(da)新修改的黨(dang)(dang)(dang)章第四(si)十六條規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)的各(ge)級紀(ji)(ji)(ji)律檢查委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會是“黨(dang)(dang)(dang)內監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)專責機(ji)(ji)關(guan)”，職(zhi)責是“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、執紀(ji)(ji)(ji)、問責”。2018年(nian)3月，十三屆全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)大(da)一(yi)(yi)次會議通(tong)過憲(xian)法(fa)修正案和(he)(he)《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和(he)(he)國(guo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察法(fa)》。憲(xian)法(fa)修正案在第三章“國(guo)家機(ji)(ji)構”中(zhong)新增“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會”一(yi)(yi)節，明(ming)確(que)各(ge)級監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會是國(guo)家的“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察機(ji)(ji)關(guan)”；監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察法(fa)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是行使“國(guo)家監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察職(zhi)能(neng)的專責機(ji)(ji)關(guan)”，依(yi)法(fa)履(lv)行“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)、調查、處(chu)置”職(zhi)責。黨(dang)(dang)(dang)章、憲(xian)法(fa)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察法(fa)的規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，明(ming)確(que)了(le)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作為監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)專責機(ji)(ji)關(guan)的定(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)。

“監(jian)(jian)督(du)是紀委(wei)監(jian)(jian)委(wei)的(de)第一(yi)職責，要把監(jian)(jian)督(du)寓(yu)于日常工作中，見人見事(shi)見細(xi)節，從苗(miao)頭性、傾向性問題抓起，深化運(yun)用監(jian)(jian)督(du)執紀‘四種(zhong)形態’，既重(zhong)力度又重(zhong)尺度，實現監(jian)(jian)督(du)工作政治效果(guo)、紀法(fa)效果(guo)和(he)社會效果(guo)的(de)最大化。”江西省紀委(wei)監(jian)(jian)委(wei)相關負(fu)責人表示。

責任向監(jian)督(du)壓實。隨著國家監(jian)察體制(zhi)改革不斷深(shen)入，紀(ji)委監(jian)委的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)范圍擴(kuo)大了(le)、權(quan)限豐富(fu)了(le)，擔(dan)負的(de)(de)責任也(ye)更大了(le)。各級紀(ji)檢(jian)監(jian)察機關(guan)不斷增(zeng)強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，忠誠干凈擔(dan)當，認真履行監(jian)督(du)職責。

突出政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)督(du)，把“兩個維護”作為(wei)根(gen)本政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)任務(wu)。聚焦嚴明政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)紀律和政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)規矩，破除形式主義、官僚(liao)主義，整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)群眾身邊的腐(fu)敗(bai)和作風問(wen)題，加強監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)(cha)，推進政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)督(du)具體化(hua)(hua)常(chang)態化(hua)(hua)。堅持(chi)(chi)黨中(zhong)央(yang)重大決(jue)策部署到哪里(li)，監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)(cha)就(jiu)跟進到哪里(li)，在(zai)堅決(jue)打好防范化(hua)(hua)解重大風險(xian)、精準脫貧、污染防治(zhi)(zhi)三大攻堅戰(zhan)中(zhong)，各級紀委(wei)監(jian)委(wei)堅持(chi)(chi)問(wen)題導(dao)向，認真履職盡(jin)責，確保(bao)了黨中(zhong)央(yang)各項決(jue)策部署落(luo)地見效。

嚴格(ge)日(ri)常(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)，把思想政治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和群(qun)眾工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)貫穿始終(zhong)。綜合運用平時觀察(cha)(cha)、談(tan)(tan)心談(tan)(tan)話(hua)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)抽查(cha)、列席民主生活會、受(shou)理(li)信訪舉報(bao)(bao)(bao)、督(du)促巡(xun)視巡(xun)察(cha)(cha)整改(gai)、提(ti)出紀(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)等形(xing)式(shi)，把日(ri)常(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)實實在在做起來、做到位。開(kai)展談(tan)(tan)話(hua)，就要深入到干部(bu)群(qun)眾中(zhong)去，耐心細致做好思想政治(zhi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在推動(dong)紀(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)高質量發展的(de)實踐中(zhong)，紀(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)干部(bu)注重(zhong)善(shan)于從談(tan)(tan)話(hua)中(zhong)了(le)解(jie)掌握(wo)群(qun)眾對(dui)黨員干部(bu)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)對(dui)象的(de)問題反映，讓談(tan)(tan)話(hua)帶動(dong)“嚴”的(de)氛(fen)圍(wei)、帶動(dong)第一種形(xing)態的(de)運用，努力做到有(you)溫度有(you)力度，改(gai)變單純(chun)依(yi)靠(kao)信訪舉報(bao)(bao)(bao)線索(suo)(suo)開(kai)展談(tan)(tan)話(hua)的(de)做法。2019年1至9月，全國紀(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機關(guan)共(gong)接受(shou)信訪舉報(bao)(bao)(bao)249.3萬(wan)件次，處置問題線索(suo)(suo)122.6萬(wan)件，談(tan)(tan)話(hua)函詢25.9萬(wan)件次，日(ri)常(chang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用得到較好發揮。

力量向監(jian)督(du)傾斜(xie)。深化紀檢(jian)監(jian)察體(ti)制(zhi)改革后，紀委(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)實行(xing)(xing)監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)與審查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)調查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)職能分(fen)離、部門分(fen)設。中央紀委(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家監(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)設立(li)了11個(ge)監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)室(shi)(shi)，調整優化人員配置，增加了監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)力量，更加規范高效地履行(xing)(xing)好監(jian)督(du)職責，認真監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)聯系單位(wei)（地區）領導班(ban)子及中管干部遵守(shou)和(he)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)黨(dang)的(de)章程和(he)其他黨(dang)內法(fa)規，遵守(shou)和(he)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)黨(dang)的(de)路(lu)線(xian)方針(zhen)政(zheng)策和(he)決議、國(guo)家法(fa)律法(fa)規，推(tui)進(jin)全面(mian)從(cong)嚴治黨(dang)，依法(fa)履職、秉公用權、廉(lian)潔從(cong)政(zheng)從(cong)業以(yi)及道德操守(shou)等方面(mian)的(de)情(qing)況，綜(zong)合分(fen)析研判問題線(xian)索等。地方各級(ji)紀委(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)也都增加了監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)力量。比(bi)如，河北(bei)、吉林等省分(fen)別設立(li)了第(di)一(yi)至第(di)八共8個(ge)監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)室(shi)(shi)，深圳市設立(li)了第(di)六至十一(yi)共6個(ge)監(jian)督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)室(shi)(shi)。

充分履(lv)行好監督職責(ze)，必須靠全(quan)面(mian)(mian)從(cong)(cong)嚴(yan)治(zhi)黨(dang)和反腐敗高壓(ya)態(tai)(tai)(tai)勢作強(qiang)大(da)后盾，必須精準(zhun)(zhun)運(yun)用(yong)“四種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)”，真(zhen)正使第(di)一(yi)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)抓早(zao)抓小、紅臉出汗成(cheng)為常(chang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)；綜合運(yun)用(yong)第(di)二(er)、三(san)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，防(fang)止一(yi)般違(wei)(wei)紀(ji)違(wei)(wei)法發(fa)展成(cheng)嚴(yan)重違(wei)(wei)紀(ji)違(wei)(wei)法，防(fang)止嚴(yan)重違(wei)(wei)紀(ji)違(wei)(wei)法發(fa)展成(cheng)為犯(fan)罪行為；果(guo)斷(duan)準(zhun)(zhun)確用(yong)好第(di)四種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，使得前(qian)(qian)三(san)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)威懾力。紀(ji)檢監察機關要充分認識運(yun)用(yong)“四種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)”的(de)重大(da)政治(zhi)意義，進一(yi)步(bu)落實(shi)懲前(qian)(qian)毖后、治(zhi)病救人的(de)方針(zhen)，持續彰顯把監督挺在前(qian)(qian)面(mian)(mian)的(de)實(shi)踐效果(guo)，把全(quan)面(mian)(mian)從(cong)(cong)嚴(yan)治(zhi)黨(dang)不斷(duan)推向深入，鞏固發(fa)展反腐敗斗(dou)爭壓(ya)倒性(xing)勝利。（中(zhong)央紀(ji)委國家(jia)監委網站 曹俊明）