今年前三季度(du)，全(quan)國(guo)紀(ji)(ji)檢(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)共運(yun)用監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)執紀(ji)(ji)“四種(zhong)形(xing)態”批評教(jiao)育幫(bang)助和處(chu)理124.9萬人次。其(qi)中，運(yun)用第一、二種(zhong)形(xing)態占(zhan)比92.3%，運(yun)用第三、四種(zhong)形(xing)態占(zhan)7.7%。這組數據再次印證(zheng)，紀(ji)(ji)檢(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)是監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)專(zhuan)(zhuan)責(ze)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)，不是專(zhuan)(zhuan)門辦案機(ji)關(guan)(guan)。數據的(de)背后，反映的(de)是各級紀(ji)(ji)委監(jian)(jian)委定位向監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)聚焦，責(ze)任向監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)壓實，力(li)量(liang)向監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)傾斜，在認真履行(xing)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)基本職(zhi)責(ze)、第一職(zhi)責(ze)上邁出新步伐、取(qu)得新成效(xiao)。

定位向(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)聚焦(jiao)。紀委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)合署辦公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)和國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)專(zhuan)責(ze)(ze)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)，在黨(dang)(dang)和國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)體(ti)系中處于主干位置(zhi)、發揮保障作(zuo)用。2017年(nian)10月，黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十九大新(xin)修改(gai)的(de)(de)(de)黨(dang)(dang)章第四(si)十六條規定，黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)各級紀律檢查委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會是(shi)“黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)(nei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)專(zhuan)責(ze)(ze)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)”，職(zhi)責(ze)(ze)是(shi)“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)、執紀、問責(ze)(ze)”。2018年(nian)3月，十三屆全國(guo)人大一次(ci)會議(yi)通(tong)過憲(xian)法(fa)修正案和《中華人民共和國(guo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)法(fa)》。憲(xian)法(fa)修正案在第三章“國(guo)家(jia)機(ji)(ji)構”中新(xin)增(zeng)“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會”一節(jie)，明確各級監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員會是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)”；監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)法(fa)規定了(le)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)行使“國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)職(zhi)能的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)責(ze)(ze)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)”，依法(fa)履行“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)、調查、處置(zhi)”職(zhi)責(ze)(ze)。黨(dang)(dang)章、憲(xian)法(fa)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)規定，明確了(le)紀委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作(zuo)為監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)專(zhuan)責(ze)(ze)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)定位。

“監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)是(shi)紀(ji)(ji)委(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)的第(di)一職責，要把監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)寓(yu)于日常(chang)工(gong)作中，見人(ren)見事見細節(jie)，從苗頭性、傾向性問(wen)題抓起(qi)，深化(hua)運(yun)用監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)執紀(ji)(ji)‘四(si)種形(xing)態’，既重(zhong)力度(du)(du)又重(zhong)尺度(du)(du)，實現監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)工(gong)作政治效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)、紀(ji)(ji)法效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)和社會效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)的最大化(hua)。”江西省紀(ji)(ji)委(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)委(wei)相(xiang)關負責人(ren)表示(shi)。

責任向監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)壓實。隨著國(guo)家監(jian)(jian)察體制改革不(bu)斷(duan)深入，紀(ji)委(wei)監(jian)(jian)委(wei)的監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)范(fan)圍擴(kuo)大了(le)、權限(xian)豐富了(le)，擔負的責任也更大了(le)。各級紀(ji)檢(jian)監(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關不(bu)斷(duan)增強(qiang)“四(si)個(ge)意識”、堅(jian)定(ding)“四(si)個(ge)自(zi)信(xin)”、做到(dao)“兩個(ge)維護”，忠誠干凈(jing)擔當，認真履行監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)職責。

突出政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)監(jian)督(du)，把(ba)“兩個維護”作為根本政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)任務。聚焦嚴(yan)明政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)紀律(lv)和政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)規矩，破(po)除形式主(zhu)義(yi)、官僚(liao)主(zhu)義(yi)，整治(zhi)群眾身邊(bian)的腐敗(bai)和作風問(wen)題(ti)，加強(qiang)監(jian)督(du)檢查，推進政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)監(jian)督(du)具體化常態(tai)化。堅(jian)持黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)重大決策(ce)部署到(dao)哪里(li)，監(jian)督(du)檢查就跟進到(dao)哪里(li)，在堅(jian)決打好防(fang)范化解重大風險、精準(zhun)脫貧、污染防(fang)治(zhi)三(san)大攻堅(jian)戰中(zhong)，各級紀委監(jian)委堅(jian)持問(wen)題(ti)導向，認真履職盡(jin)責(ze)，確(que)保了(le)黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)各項決策(ce)部署落(luo)地見效(xiao)。

嚴格日常(chang)監督(du)(du)，把(ba)思(si)想(xiang)政治工(gong)作(zuo)和群眾(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)貫穿始終。綜(zong)合運用平時觀(guan)察(cha)、談(tan)(tan)心(xin)談(tan)(tan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、檢(jian)(jian)查抽查、列席民主生活會、受(shou)理信(xin)訪舉報(bao)、督(du)(du)促巡視(shi)巡察(cha)整改、提出紀檢(jian)(jian)監察(cha)建議等形式，把(ba)日常(chang)監督(du)(du)實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)在在做(zuo)(zuo)起來、做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)位(wei)。開展談(tan)(tan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)，就要深入到(dao)干(gan)部群眾(zhong)中去，耐心(xin)細致(zhi)做(zuo)(zuo)好思(si)想(xiang)政治工(gong)作(zuo)。在推動(dong)(dong)紀檢(jian)(jian)監察(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展的實(shi)(shi)踐中，紀檢(jian)(jian)監察(cha)干(gan)部注重善(shan)于從談(tan)(tan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)中了解掌握群眾(zhong)對(dui)(dui)黨員干(gan)部、監察(cha)對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的問題(ti)反映，讓談(tan)(tan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)“嚴”的氛圍、帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)第一種形態的運用，努力做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)有(you)溫度(du)(du)有(you)力度(du)(du)，改變單純依靠信(xin)訪舉報(bao)線索開展談(tan)(tan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)的做(zuo)(zuo)法。2019年1至9月(yue)，全國紀檢(jian)(jian)監察(cha)機(ji)關共接(jie)受(shou)信(xin)訪舉報(bao)249.3萬件次，處置問題(ti)線索122.6萬件，談(tan)(tan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)函詢25.9萬件次，日常(chang)監督(du)(du)作(zuo)用得到(dao)較好發(fa)揮。

力(li)量(liang)向(xiang)監(jian)(jian)督(du)傾斜。深化(hua)紀檢(jian)(jian)監(jian)(jian)察體制改(gai)革(ge)后，紀委監(jian)(jian)委實行監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)與(yu)審(shen)查(cha)(cha)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)職能分離、部(bu)門分設。中央紀委國家監(jian)(jian)委設立(li)了(le)11個(ge)監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)室(shi)，調(diao)整(zheng)優(you)化(hua)人員(yuan)配置，增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)力(li)量(liang)，更加(jia)規(gui)范(fan)高(gao)效地(di)履行好監(jian)(jian)督(du)職責，認真監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)聯系單位（地(di)區）領導(dao)班(ban)子及中管干部(bu)遵守(shou)和(he)執(zhi)行黨的(de)章程和(he)其他黨內(nei)法(fa)規(gui)，遵守(shou)和(he)執(zhi)行黨的(de)路(lu)線方(fang)針政(zheng)策(ce)和(he)決議、國家法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)，推進全面從嚴治黨，依法(fa)履職、秉公用權、廉潔從政(zheng)從業以及道德操守(shou)等方(fang)面的(de)情況(kuang)，綜合分析研判問題線索等。地(di)方(fang)各(ge)級紀委監(jian)(jian)委也(ye)都(dou)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)力(li)量(liang)。比如，河北、吉(ji)林(lin)等省分別設立(li)了(le)第一(yi)至(zhi)第八共8個(ge)監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)室(shi)，深圳市設立(li)了(le)第六至(zhi)十一(yi)共6個(ge)監(jian)(jian)督(du)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)室(shi)。

充分履(lv)行好監督(du)職責，必須靠全面從嚴(yan)治(zhi)黨和反(fan)腐敗(bai)高壓態(tai)(tai)(tai)勢作強大后盾(dun)，必須精準運(yun)用“四(si)種形(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)”，真正使第一種形(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)抓早抓小、紅臉出(chu)汗成為常態(tai)(tai)(tai)；綜合運(yun)用第二、三種形(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，防(fang)止一般違(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)法發展(zhan)成嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)違(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)法，防(fang)止嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)違(wei)紀(ji)(ji)違(wei)法發展(zhan)成為犯罪行為；果斷準確用好第四(si)種形(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)，使得(de)前三種形(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)有威(wei)懾力。紀(ji)(ji)檢監察機關要充分認識運(yun)用“四(si)種形(xing)態(tai)(tai)(tai)”的重(zhong)(zhong)大政(zheng)治(zhi)意義(yi)，進(jin)一步落實懲前毖(bi)后、治(zhi)病救人的方針，持續(xu)彰顯把監督(du)挺在前面的實踐(jian)效果，把全面從嚴(yan)治(zhi)黨不斷推向深(shen)入，鞏固發展(zhan)反(fan)腐敗(bai)斗爭壓倒性勝利。（中央紀(ji)(ji)委國家監委網站 曹俊明）