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最早的火種在這里點燃 一大代表王盡美、鄧恩銘在淄博礦區

發布日期:2019年01月30日        

作為中(zhong)國共(gong)產黨的(de)重要創始人的(de)中(zhong)共(gong)一大代表王盡美、鄧恩銘,在(zai)領導早期的(de)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)活(huo)動(dong)特(te)別是工人運動(dong)中(zhong),在(zai)淄(zi)(zi)川炭礦(kuang)留下了(le)許(xu)多光輝(hui)的(de)足跡。淄(zi)(zi)川區檔案館保存的(de)有關革(ge)命(ming)(ming)資料,真實地記錄了(le)兩位革(ge)命(ming)(ming)先驅在(zai)淄(zi)(zi)川的(de)主要活(huo)動(dong)。

1922年7月9日(ri),中(zhong)國勞動組合(he)書記部山東(dong)分部獨立創辦的《山東(dong)勞動周刊》第1號上發(fa)表了(le)王盡美親自撰寫(xie)的《礦業工(gong)會淄博部發(fa)起(qi)會志盛(sheng)》一文。

文章記述同年6月25日(ri)在淄(zi)川炭礦馬家莊(zhuang)機(ji)器(qi)圖算學校內召開的礦業(ye)工(gong)會(hui)淄(zi)博部發起(qi)會(hui)盛況。王盡美(mei)在文章中(zhong)(zhong)熱情贊揚淄(zi)博礦工(gong)的新覺悟 :“發生此空前盛會(hui),真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)令人(ren)驚異(yi),真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)之曙光啊(a)(a)!真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)是山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)界空前之盛舉啊(a)(a)!”他興奮地指出 :“勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)的新潮,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)比起(qi)各國(guo)來(lai)已(yi)顯落后又(you)落后了(le)。尤其在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北方的山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng),更是長夜漫(man)漫(man),不見一(yi)線曙光,又(you)誰知底層在黑暗(an)勢力之下的礦工(gong)隊伍里,竟于不知不覺之中(zhong)(zhong)發生此空前盛會(hui),真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)令人(ren)驚異(yi)!令人(ren)佩服!我們歡(huan)樂到無所置詞了(le),只好表示一(yi)百二(er)十分的誠意,歡(huan)呼:山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)礦業(ye)工(gong)會(hui)淄(zi)博部萬歲(sui)!全(quan)世(shi)界無產階級聯合起(qi)來(lai)呀!”

這既(ji)是對礦(kuang)業(ye)工會淄博(bo)部成立的贊頌(song),也表(biao)明當時(shi)淄博(bo)礦(kuang)區工人的革(ge)命活動(dong)也影響到(dao)了全省乃至全國。

這已經(jing)是王(wang)盡美(mei)(mei)第二次來到淄博礦區(qu)。1921年(nian)7月,王(wang)盡美(mei)(mei)和鄧恩(en)銘(ming)作(zuo)為濟南共(gong)產(chan)主義小組(zu)的代表出(chu)席了在上海(hai)召(zhao)開(kai)的中共(gong)一大(da)。是年(nian)冬(dong),王(wang)盡美(mei)(mei)邀中共(gong)北京區(qu)執委書記、中國勞動組(zu)合書記部北方(fang)分部主任羅(luo)章龍(long)來山東(dong)考察(cha),深(shen)入淄川、博山礦區(qu),宣傳馬(ma)克思(si)主義學(xue)說(shuo),物色先進分子,開(kai)展(zhan)工(gong)人運動。

王(wang)盡美(mei)于(yu)1922年6月(yue)第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)來到(dao)淄(zi)(zi)川礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)后,不僅到(dao)電(dian)氣部、機器部、庫(ku)房部、醫務部等(deng)處了(le)(le)解那些文化技術較(jiao)高職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)和(he)要求,還深入(ru)到(dao)淄(zi)(zi)川、十里莊(zhuang)、南旺、大(da)昆侖、南定、西河等(deng)礦(kuang)(kuang)區(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)中(zhong),了(le)(le)解工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)勞動生活狀況,傾聽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)呼聲和(he)愿(yuan)望(wang),并向(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)革命道理,啟(qi)發(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)要組織起來,建立自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)組織,謀求自(zi)身解放(fang)。王(wang)盡美(mei)還在洪山(shan)鎮馬家(jia)莊(zhuang)機器圖(tu)算學校多次(ci)(ci)召集礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開會(hui)(hui)(hui),聽他們(men)(men)(men)訴說受帝(di)國主(zhu)義(yi)侵略(lve)和(he)資本家(jia)剝削的(de)(de)苦難生活。王(wang)盡美(mei)懷(huai)著對礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)深切感情,講述礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)苦難生活的(de)(de)根源(yuan),揭(jie)露帝(di)國主(zhu)義(yi)侵略(lve)和(he)資本家(jia)剝削的(de)(de)罪行。他以自(zi)己(ji)(ji)在蘇聯的(de)(de)所見(jian)所聞,介紹在世界(jie)(jie)上(shang)第(di)一個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)階(jie)級掌握政權的(de)(de)國家(jia),人(ren)民的(de)(de)生活發(fa)生了(le)(le)日新月(yue)異的(de)(de)變化,使淄(zi)(zi)博礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)看到(dao)了(le)(le)希望(wang),找(zhao)到(dao)了(le)(le)斗爭的(de)(de)目標。同時,為(wei)了(le)(le)讓礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)們(men)(men)(men)更直接地了(le)(le)解組織工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de),他在礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)散發(fa)了(le)(le)《勸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友們(men)(men)(men)快(kuai)來入(ru)會(hui)(hui)(hui)》的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)單,明確(que)提出 :“我們(men)(men)(men)發(fa)起這個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)(hui),就是(shi)想將我們(men)(men)(men)全體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)組成(cheng)一個團體,專給工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友們(men)(men)(men)謀利(li)益。”他還編了(le)(le)歌(ge)謠,流傳(chuan)(chuan)在礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong) :“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)白勞動,廠主(zhu)吸血(xue)蟲。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)無政權,世界(jie)(jie)太(tai)不公。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)站起來,革命打先鋒。”以此鼓(gu)舞礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)斗爭熱情和(he)士氣。

6月25日,王(wang)盡(jin)美等在馬家(jia)(jia)(jia)莊機器圖算(suan)學校內召開了(le)礦(kuang)(kuang)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)淄博部發(fa)起(qi)會(hui)(hui),250余名煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)代表(biao)到會(hui)(hui)。會(hui)(hui)議選舉成立了(le)淄博第一個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)組織(zhi)(zhi)——山(shan)東(dong)礦(kuang)(kuang)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)淄博部,王(wang)盡(jin)美懷(huai)著對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)階級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深厚(hou)感情(qing)和熱切希望,發(fa)表(biao)了(le)生動深刻、熱情(qing)洋(yang)溢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)講話(hua)(hua)。他說 :“工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)是創造世(shi)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主人(ren),可(ke)如今我(wo)們數萬煤(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友們,還(huan)長久(jiu)屈服于資本家(jia)(jia)(jia)剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)之(zhi)下,每天埋在礦(kuang)(kuang)井下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)堆里(li),一滴(di)(di)汗一滴(di)(di)血地做(zuo)十幾個(ge)鐘頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),像埋在地獄(yu)里(li),暗無天日,稍(shao)一不慎(shen),還(huan)要連命舍(she)上,而工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)錢(qian)僅(jin)得二三角(jiao)錢(qian),還(huan)要受凍挨餓。我(wo)們創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)億(yi)萬財富,哪里(li)去了(le)呢(ni)?被(bei)資本家(jia)(jia)(jia)剝(bo)(bo)削(xue)去了(le)!這(zhe)是何等不公平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事啊!我(wo)們工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位是很可(ke)尊(zun)貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),我(wo)們要團(tuan)結起(qi)來,組織(zhi)(zhi)為自己謀利(li)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)團(tuan)體……”王(wang)盡(jin)美滿腔熱情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一席話(hua)(hua),博得了(le)礦(kuang)(kuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)們一片掌聲。

1922年8月,鄧恩(en)銘(ming)利用(yong)其叔黃澤沛(pei)任淄(zi)川縣知(zhi)事的(de)(de)有利條件(jian),在(zai)(zai)淄(zi)川縣城住了(le)下來開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。他以(yi)洪山“憲章(zhang)照相館”作為(wei)秘密活動(dong)點(dian),深入礦井、工(gong)(gong)(gong)棚,宣傳(chuan)革命理(li)論,發展(zhan)先進分子。有一天,鄧恩(en)銘(ming)在(zai)(zai)宴席(xi)上認(ren)識了(le)淄(zi)川縣高等小(xiao)學校(xiao)長馮(feng)(feng)乃(nai)章(zhang)。馮(feng)(feng)乃(nai)章(zhang)參加過“五四(si)運動(dong)”,他介紹鄧恩(en)銘(ming)認(ren)識了(le)參加過“五四(si)運動(dong)”的(de)(de)郭粹甫和(he)趙豫(yu)章(zhang)。共(gong)同的(de)(de)革命理(li)想把(ba)他們三人(ren)(ren)緊緊聯系(xi)在(zai)(zai)一起。鄧恩(en)銘(ming)除以(yi)學校(xiao)為(wei)活動(dong)基地外,還經常深入礦區工(gong)(gong)(gong)棚宣傳(chuan)馬克(ke)思主義和(he)共(gong)產黨的(de)(de)主張,調查工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)勞動(dong)、生活狀況,以(yi)啟發工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)覺悟,培(pei)養革命力(li)量,號召工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)團結起來,向帝(di)國(guo)主義和(he)資(zi)本家進行斗爭(zheng)。

1923年10月(yue)(yue),王(wang)盡美獲悉魯大公司資(zi)本(ben)家裁減工人(ren)后(hou),即到(dao)淄川礦區(qu)領導工人(ren)開(kai)展反(fan)對資(zi)本(ben)家裁減工人(ren)的斗爭(zheng)(zheng)。其間,王(wang)盡美發展了淄川炭(tan)(tan)礦工人(ren)史長(chang)森(sen)入黨。同年11月(yue)(yue),鄧恩銘從青島給郭(guo)粹甫、趙(zhao)豫章(zhang)寄(ji)來一(yi)(yi)信,說山東軍閥為籌軍餉強征產銷稅(shui),激起(qi)了膠濟鐵路沿線十(shi)余縣人(ren)民的反(fan)抗,近聞山東軍閥又將增設教育(yu)捐,各地人(ren)民已準備作普遍反(fan)抗,希(xi)你們也積極響應這一(yi)(yi)斗爭(zheng)(zheng)。兩人(ren)接信后(hou),與校長(chang)馮乃章(zhang)及(ji)“縣小學教員聯合會”商(shang)量,決定(ding)在大昆侖炭(tan)(tan)棧工會發起(qi)抗教育(yu)捐斗爭(zheng)(zheng)。經(jing)各方努力,于12月(yue)(yue)取得斗爭(zheng)(zheng)勝利。

他們利用這次(ci)(ci)抗捐爭取的款項,辦起了(le)昆(kun)侖公(gong)立兩級小學。鄧恩銘(ming)得(de)知這一消息(xi)后,即從青島(dao)趕來淄(zi)川(chuan)會見了(le)參加這次(ci)(ci)斗爭的有(you)人員。

1924年(nian)(nian)3月,鄧(deng)恩銘再(zai)次到淄川礦區,指導(dao)工人運動(dong),介紹斗爭中(zhong)的(de)積極(ji)分(fen)子(zi)趙豫(yu)章(zhang)入黨(dang),郭(guo)粹甫、周濟南(nan)加(jia)入社會主義青年(nian)(nian)團。5月8日,鄧(deng)恩銘在(zai)淄川給在(zai)貴州老(lao)家(jia)的(de)父(fu)(fu)親發信(xin),拒絕了父(fu)(fu)母多次催他回(hui)家(jia)完婚的(de)要求。信(xin)中(zhong)說 :“兒生性與(yu)人不(bu)同(tong),最憎(zeng)惡(e)的(de)是名與(yu)利,故有負雙(shuang)親之望,但所志(zhi)既為此,亦無可如何……完婚事,已早將不(bu)能回(hui)去之意直(zhi)達王家(jia),兒主張既定,決不(bu)更(geng)改,故同(tong)意與(yu)否,兒概不(bu)問,各(ge)行其是可也。舅父(fu)(fu)與(yu)印(yin)壽回(hui)南(nan),兒本當同(tong)行,職(zhi)務纏身,無法(fa)擺脫(tuo),故只(zhi)好硬(ying)著(zhu)心(xin)腸(chang)不(bu)回(hui)去,印(yin)壽如到荔,問他就知道一切情形了。兒明天(tian)回(hui)青島,仍(reng)就原事。”

王(wang)盡美、鄧(deng)恩銘(ming)的(de)工作(zuo),為淄(zi)(zi)博(bo)地區(qu)黨組織的(de)建(jian)立準備了充足的(de)條(tiao)件,促進(jin)了地方(fang)黨組織的(de)籌建(jian)工作(zuo)。1924年7月,經中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央批準,中(zhong)共(gong)淄(zi)(zi)博(bo)支(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(亦(yi)稱(cheng)中(zhong)共(gong)淄(zi)(zi)博(bo)礦區(qu)支(zhi)(zhi)部(bu))在淄(zi)(zi)川礦區(qu)正式成(cheng)立,直屬(shu)中(zhong)央領(ling)導(dao)。這是(shi)淄(zi)(zi)川也是(shi)淄(zi)(zi)博(bo)地區(qu)第(di)一個中(zhong)共(gong)地方(fang)基層組織,是(shi)繼濟(ji)南、青島之后(hou)在山東建(jian)立的(de)第(di)三個直屬(shu)中(zhong)央的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)。

1925年(nian)2月,王(wang)盡(jin)美第四次到淄博礦區,指導(dao)發起成立了“淄博國民會議促進會”,深入礦區找工人談話,召開群眾(zhong)大會,啟發工人覺(jue)悟。其間,他介紹同興煤礦公司大昆(kun)侖炭(tan)棧的宋壽田加入共(gong)產(chan)黨。同年(nian)8月19日王(wang)盡(jin)美不(bu)幸病逝于青(qing)島,時年(nian)27歲(sui)。

1928年10月,淄(zi)川(chuan)(chuan)炭(tan)礦工(gong)人(ren)(ren)準備舉行第二次(ci)大(da)罷(ba)工(gong),不料被敵人(ren)(ren)破壞(huai),有5名(ming)黨(dang)(dang)員被捕,形(xing)勢非常嚴峻。鄧恩銘不顧個人(ren)(ren)安(an)危,再次(ci)來到淄(zi)川(chuan)(chuan)。他深入群眾宣傳(chuan)中(zhong)共六(liu)大(da)精神,揭露國民黨(dang)(dang)對工(gong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)欺騙,并在淄(zi)川(chuan)(chuan)炭(tan)礦東工(gong)廠建(jian)立秘密(mi)活動點(dian),印(yin)刷(shua)宣傳(chuan)品,宣傳(chuan)黨(dang)(dang)的(de)主張,擴(kuo)大(da)黨(dang)(dang)在群眾中(zhong)的(de)影響,發展黨(dang)(dang)團工(gong)會(hui)組織,鼓(gu)勵工(gong)人(ren)(ren)從消沉中(zhong)振作起來。

1929年1月19日(ri),鄧恩銘到濟(ji)南向省(sheng)委匯報工作時不幸被捕。1931年4月5日(ri),被國民黨反動派殺害于濟(ji)南緯八(ba)路刑場,年僅30歲。

啟示:“人生自古誰無(wu)死(si),留(liu)取(qu)丹心(xin)照汗青”在(zai)(zai)風雨(yu)飄(piao)搖的(de)舊(jiu)中國,在(zai)(zai)暗無(wu)天日的(de)煤(mei)(mei)窯里,王盡美、鄧恩銘等許多革(ge)(ge)命(ming)前(qian)輩深(shen)(shen)入礦(kuang)(kuang)區點燃(ran)星星之(zhi)火,引領煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)工人走上(shang)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)道(dao)路,使淄(zi)博礦(kuang)(kuang)區成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中國共(gong)產黨在(zai)(zai)山(shan)東煤(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)(kuang)建黨的(de)發(fa)祥地。紅色基因(yin)也由此(ci)深(shen)(shen)深(shen)(shen)地融化在(zai)(zai)了山(shan)東能源百年發(fa)展的(de)血脈中,并(bing)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)生生不(bu)息(xi)、保持旺盛活(huo)力的(de)源泉。

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