環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)部今日(ri)向(xiang)媒體通報(bao)了《2015中國環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)狀況公報(bao)》。公報(bao)指(zhi)出,2015年,在黨中央、國務(wu)院的高度重視下,各地區、各部門以改善(shan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質量為核心,著力(li)解決突出環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)問題(ti),全力(li)打(da)好環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治理攻堅戰,嚴格(ge)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)執法監管,深化(hua)生態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)領域改革(ge),著力(li)推動轉方式調(diao)結構,持(chi)續(xu)加大生態(tai)和(he)農村環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu),強(qiang)化(hua)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)宣傳教育,生態(tai)文明建設和(he)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工作取(qu)得積極進(jin)展(zhan)。
公報顯示,2015 年全國(guo)(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)市空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)總(zong)體趨(qu)好,首(shou)批實(shi)施新(xin)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)的(de)74 個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市細顆粒物(PM2.5)平均(jun)(jun)濃度比2014 年下降14.1%。全國(guo)(guo)338 個(ge)(ge)地(di)級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)市中,有73 個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)達標,占(zhan)21.6%;265 個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)超標,占(zhan)78.4%。480 個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)市(區(qu)、縣)開展了降水監測(ce),酸(suan)雨城(cheng)(cheng)市比例為22.5%,酸(suan)雨頻率平均(jun)(jun)為14.0%,酸(suan)雨類(lei)型總(zong)體仍為硫酸(suan)型,酸(suan)雨污染(ran)主要分布在長江以(yi)南—云貴高原以(yi)東地(di)區(qu)。
全(quan)國423條主(zhu)要河流、62座重點湖泊(水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫)的(de)(de)(de)967個國控地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)斷面(mian)(點位(wei))開展了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce),Ⅰ~Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)、Ⅳ~Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)、劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質斷面(mian)分(fen)別占64.5%、26.7%、8.8%。以(yi)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統為(wei)(wei)單元,潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和以(yi)承壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)深(shen)層(ceng)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)對象的(de)(de)(de)5118 個地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點中(zhong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質為(wei)(wei)優良級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)9.1%,良好級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)25.0%,較好級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)4.6%,較差(cha)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)42.5%,極(ji)差(cha)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)18.8%。338 個地(di)(di)級(ji)以(yi)上城市開展了集中(zhong)式飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce),取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量為(wei)(wei)355.43 億噸(dun),達標取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)345.06 億噸(dun),占97.1%。
冬季、春季、夏季和秋(qiu)季,劣(lie)四類海水海域面(mian)積分(fen)(fen)別占(zhan)中(zhong)國管(guan)轄海域面(mian)積的2.2%、1.7%、1.3%和2.1%。污染海域主要分(fen)(fen)布在遼東(dong)灣(wan)、渤海灣(wan)、萊州灣(wan)、江蘇沿岸、長江口、杭州灣(wan)、浙(zhe)江沿岸、珠(zhu)江口等近岸海域。
全(quan)國308個開展功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)聲(sheng)環(huan)境監(jian)測的地(di)級以上(shang)城市晝(zhou)間監(jian)測點次達(da)(da)標率平均(jun)為92.4%,比2014年(nian)上(shang)升1.1個百分點;夜間監(jian)測點次達(da)(da)標率平均(jun)為74.3%,比2014年(nian)上(shang)升2.5個百分點。各類城市功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)聲(sheng)環(huan)境質量晝(zhou)間達(da)(da)標率均(jun)高于夜間。
全國環(huan)境(jing)電(dian)離輻射水平處于(yu)本(ben)底漲落范圍(wei)內,環(huan)境(jing)電(dian)磁輻射水平低于(yu)國家(jia)規定的相應限值(zhi)。
截(jie)至 2015 年底,全國(guo)共建(jian)立各(ge)種(zhong)類(lei)型、不同(tong)級別的(de)自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)2740 個(ge),總(zong)面積(ji)(ji)約14703 萬(wan)(wan)公頃。其中(zhong)陸地(di)面積(ji)(ji)約14247 萬(wan)(wan)公頃,占全國(guo)陸地(di)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)14.8%。國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)428 個(ge),面積(ji)(ji)9649 萬(wan)(wan)公頃。
全國現有(you)森林面積2.08億(yi)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),森林覆蓋率21.63%,活立木總蓄積164.33億(yi)立方米(mi)。草(cao)原面積近4億(yi)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),約占國土面積的41.7%。
全(quan)國有30個(ge)省(區(qu)(qu)、市)遭受(shou)(shou)洪澇(lao)災害,與常(chang)年(nian)(nian)相比(bi),因災死亡(wang)人(ren)口減(jian)少(shao)76%,為歷史最低(di);受(shou)(shou)災人(ren)口、受(shou)(shou)災面積、倒塌房(fang)屋分別(bie)減(jian)少(shao)46%、45%、85%。全(quan)國旱情(qing)總(zong)體偏(pian)輕(qing),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)耕地(di)受(shou)(shou)旱面積、人(ren)畜飲水(shui)困(kun)難(nan)數量均較常(chang)年(nian)(nian)同期明顯偏(pian)少(shao);與常(chang)年(nian)(nian)相比(bi),作(zuo)物受(shou)(shou)災面積、因旱糧食(shi)損失、因旱飲水(shui)困(kun)難(nan)人(ren)數分別(bie)減(jian)少(shao)52%、51%、65%。受(shou)(shou)厄爾(er)尼(ni)諾的影響,2015年(nian)(nian)入(ru)春以(yi)來,森林(lin)火(huo)險等級持(chi)續居高不下;進入(ru)夏季(ji),北(bei)方重點林(lin)區(qu)(qu)雷擊(ji)火(huo)一度(du)急劇高發;入(ru)秋,南方地(di)區(qu)(qu)降水(shui)持(chi)續偏(pian)多;入(ru)冬,北(bei)方氣(qi)溫偏(pian)高,冷空(kong)氣(qi)活動頻(pin)次(ci)(ci)少(shao)、強度(du)弱。預計,本次(ci)(ci)超(chao)強厄爾(er)尼(ni)諾將繼(ji)續衰(shuai)減(jian),但對氣(qi)候的影響仍(reng)將持(chi)續。
《2015中國(guo)環(huan)境(jing)狀況(kuang)公報》由(you)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護部(bu)(bu)(bu)會同國(guo)土資源(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、住房和城鄉建設部(bu)(bu)(bu)、交通運輸(shu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、水利部(bu)(bu)(bu)、農業(ye)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家衛生和計劃生育委(wei)員會、國(guo)家統(tong)計局(ju)、國(guo)家林業(ye)局(ju)、中國(guo)地震局(ju)、中國(guo)氣象局(ju)、國(guo)家能源(yuan)局(ju)和國(guo)家海洋局(ju)等主管部(bu)(bu)(bu)門共(gong)同編制完成,是(shi)反(fan)映中國(guo)2015年環(huan)境(jing)狀況(kuang)的公開年度(du)報告。