環境(jing)保護部今日向(xiang)媒體通報(bao)了2015年上半年全國環境(jing)質量狀況。
環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護部(bu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)司司長(chang)羅毅(yi)介(jie)紹，2015年上半(ban)年，國(guo)家環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)網繼續(xu)開(kai)展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣、酸雨(yu)(yu)、地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)、集(ji)中式(shi)生活飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di)(di)、近岸海(hai)(hai)域(yu)、城(cheng)市噪聲(sheng)等各環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)要素監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。全國(guo)338個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)級及以(yi)上城(cheng)市（含(han)地(di)(di)、州、盟(meng)所在(zai)地(di)(di)）共1436個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)控(kong)(kong)點(dian)位(wei)開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)空(kong)氣質量監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，470個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)城(cheng)市（區、縣(xian)）共1011個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)點(dian)位(wei)開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)酸雨(yu)(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，七大流(liu)域(yu)和西(xi)南、西(xi)北及浙(zhe)閩片河(he)流(liu)共956個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)控(kong)(kong)斷面（點(dian)位(wei)）開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，有325個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)級及以(yi)上城(cheng)市開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)集(ji)中式(shi)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，301個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)近岸海(hai)(hai)域(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)位(wei)開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，291個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)城(cheng)市開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)功能區聲(sheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。
羅毅說，按照《環(huan)境(jing)空(kong)氣(qi)質量標(biao)準(zhun)》（GB3095-2012），全(quan)國(guo)338個(ge)地級及(ji)以上(shang)城市（含地、州(zhou)、盟所在地）達標(biao)天數比例在5.5%～100%之間，平均(jun)為(wei)72.7%。平均(jun)超標(biao)天數比例為(wei)27.3%，其中輕度污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)比例為(wei)18.7%，中度污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)占(zhan)5.2%，重度污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)占(zhan)2.7%，嚴(yan)重污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)占(zhan)0.7%。首(shou)要污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)為(wei)PM2.5。
第一階段實施空氣質量新標準的京津冀、長三角、珠三角區域及直轄市、省會城市和計劃單列市共74個城市（以下簡稱74城市）達標天數比例在21.1%～98.9%，平均為68.0%，同比提高6.9個百分點。首要污染物為PM2.5，其次是O3。京(jing)津冀、長三角、珠(zhu)三角地區空(kong)氣(qi)質量較上年(nian)同期均有所好轉(zhuan)。74城(cheng)(cheng)市中，空(kong)氣(qi)質量相對較差的(de)后(hou)10位城(cheng)(cheng)市（從第74名(ming)到第65名(ming)）依(yi)次是保定、邢臺(tai)、鄭州(zhou)(zhou)、唐(tang)山、石家(jia)莊、衡水、濟南、邯(han)鄲(dan)、沈陽和(he)太原，空(kong)氣(qi)質量相對較好的(de)前10位城(cheng)(cheng)市（從第1名(ming)到第10名(ming)）依(yi)次是海口、拉薩、惠(hui)州(zhou)(zhou)、舟山、廈門、中山、珠(zhu)海、深圳、昆(kun)明和(he)福州(zhou)(zhou)。
上(shang)(shang)半年，開展(zhan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)監測的(de)全國(guo)(guo)470個城市中(zhong)(zhong)，有164個城市出現過酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)。與(yu)上(shang)(shang)年同(tong)(tong)期相比(bi)，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)城市（降(jiang)水(shui)pH均值(zhi)(zhi)低(di)(di)于5.6）比(bi)例、較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)城市（降(jiang)水(shui)pH均值(zhi)(zhi)低(di)(di)于5.0）比(bi)例和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)城市（降(jiang)水(shui)pH均值(zhi)(zhi)低(di)(di)于4.5）比(bi)例分(fen)別降(jiang)低(di)(di)4.5、5.8和(he)3.2個百分(fen)點(dian)，全國(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)污染狀況(kuang)總(zong)體(ti)有所改善。酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)主要分(fen)布在長江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)下游(you)以南(nan)地區，包括浙(zhe)江(jiang)、江(jiang)西、福建、湖(hu)南(nan)的(de)大部分(fen)地區，以及重(zhong)(zhong)慶西南(nan)部、長三(san)角、珠三(san)角地區。酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)占國(guo)(guo)土面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)比(bi)例約7.6%。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)區占國(guo)(guo)土面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)1.6%，與(yu)上(shang)(shang)年同(tong)(tong)期相比(bi)，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)、較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)區面(mian)積(ji)(ji)均降(jiang)低(di)(di)2.4個百分(fen)點(dian)。全國(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)頻率(lv)均值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)14.8%。目前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)雨(yu)類型(xing)仍以硫酸(suan)(suan)(suan)型(xing)為(wei)主。
羅(luo)毅說，上半年，監(jian)測的956個(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)表水(shui)國控(kong)斷面(mian)(mian)中，Ⅰ類(lei)水(shui)質斷面(mian)(mian)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.7%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比降(jiang)低(di)1.1個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)；Ⅱ類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)31.2%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比提高(gao)3.2個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)；Ⅲ類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)30.2%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比降(jiang)低(di)0.8個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)；Ⅳ類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)18.9%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比降(jiang)低(di)2.0個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)；Ⅴ類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)6.7%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比升高(gao)1.1個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)；劣Ⅴ類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.3%，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比降(jiang)低(di)0.4個(ge)(ge)(ge)百分點(dian)。主(zhu)要污染指標為化學需氧量、總磷和氨氮。有8個(ge)(ge)(ge)地(di)表水(shui)國控(kong)斷面(mian)(mian)（點(dian)位）共出現18次重金屬超(chao)標現象，主(zhu)要超(chao)標指標為砷、汞，超(chao)標斷面(mian)(mian)主(zhu)要分布在云南（2個(ge)(ge)(ge)）、吉林（2個(ge)(ge)(ge)）、廣東（1個(ge)(ge)(ge)）、江蘇(su)（1個(ge)(ge)(ge)）、福(fu)建（1個(ge)(ge)(ge)）和四川省（1個(ge)(ge)(ge)）。
上半年，325個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)級(ji)及(ji)以上城市集中(zhong)(zhong)式飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量為171.90億噸，服(fu)務人口(kou)3.26億，達(da)標(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量為167.19億噸，占(zhan)(zhan)取水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量的(de)97.3%。898個(ge)集中(zhong)(zhong)式飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)，地(di)(di)(di)表飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)558個(ge)，534個(ge)達(da)標(biao)，占(zhan)(zhan)95.7%，主(zhu)要(yao)超(chao)標(biao)項目(mu)為總磷、氨氮和錳；地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)340個(ge)，296個(ge)達(da)標(biao)，占(zhan)(zhan)87.1%，主(zhu)要(yao)超(chao)標(biao)項目(mu)為鐵、錳和氨氮。
上半(ban)年，全國近岸(an)海(hai)(hai)域監測(ce)點(dian)位中，一(yi)類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)為35.9%，二(er)(er)類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)為31.2%，三類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)為7.6%，四類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)為8.0%，劣(lie)四類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)為17.3%。與(yu)上年同期相比，一(yi)、二(er)(er)類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)提高0.3個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，三、四類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)升高2.7個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)，劣(lie)四類海(hai)(hai)水(shui)比例(li)降低3.0個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。主要污染因(yin)子為無機氮和(he)活性磷(lin)酸鹽。
上半年(nian)(nian)，全國開展功(gong)能(neng)(neng)區(qu)聲環境質(zhi)量監測的291個城(cheng)市中，各類功(gong)能(neng)(neng)區(qu)晝間達標(biao)率平均(jun)為92.7%，夜間達標(biao)率平均(jun)為74.3%。與上年(nian)(nian)同期相比(bi)，大部分城(cheng)市功(gong)能(neng)(neng)區(qu)晝間、夜間達標(biao)率均(jun)有(you)所提高，省會(hui)城(cheng)市功(gong)能(neng)(neng)區(qu)聲環境質(zhi)量低于全國平均(jun)水平。
