新華網北京4月16日電 日前國務院印發《水污染防治行動計劃》。這是當前和今后一個時期(qi)全國水(shui)污(wu)染防治工作的(de)行動指南。

黨中央、國務院高度重(zhong)視水污(wu)染(ran)防治工作(zuo)(zuo)。針(zhen)對(dui)水污(wu)染(ran)防治的(de)(de)緊迫(po)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、復雜(za)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、艱巨性(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)期性(xing)(xing)(xing)，行(xing)動計劃突出深(shen)化改革和(he)創(chuang)新驅動思路，堅持系統治理(li)、改革創(chuang)新理(li)念，按(an)照“節水優先、空間均衡(heng)、系統治理(li)、兩手(shou)發力(li)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則，突出重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)污(wu)染(ran)物、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)業和(he)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區域，注重(zhong)發揮市場機制的(de)(de)決(jue)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)、科技的(de)(de)支撐(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)和(he)法規標(biao)準的(de)(de)引(yin)領作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，加快(kuai)推進水環境質量(liang)改善。

行(xing)動計(ji)劃238項具(ju)體治(zhi)理措施(shi)中，除(chu)了136項改進(jin)強化措施(shi)、12項研(yan)究探(tan)索性措施(shi)外(wai)，重點提出了90項改革創(chuang)新(xin)措施(shi)。在(zai)自然資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)途管制、水(shui)節約集約使用(yong)、生態保護(hu)紅線、資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)承載能(neng)力監測預警(jing)機制、資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)有償(chang)使用(yong)、生態補償(chang)、環(huan)保市場(chang)、社(she)會資(zi)本投入、環(huan)境(jing)信息公開、社(she)會監督等方面(mian)體現了改革創(chuang)新(xin)的新(xin)要求(qiu)。

行動計劃提(ti)出，到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)，全國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量得到(dao)(dao)(dao)階段(duan)性改(gai)善，污染(ran)嚴(yan)重水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體較大幅度減(jian)少(shao)，飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全保障水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平持續提(ti)升，地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)超采(cai)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)嚴(yan)格控(kong)制，地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染(ran)加劇趨(qu)勢得到(dao)(dao)(dao)初(chu)步(bu)遏(e)制，近岸海域環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量穩中(zhong)趨(qu)好，京津(jin)冀(ji)(ji)、長(chang)(chang)三(san)角(jiao)、珠(zhu)三(san)角(jiao)等區域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)狀況有所好轉。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2030年(nian)(nian)，力(li)爭全國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量總(zong)(zong)體改(gai)善，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統功能(neng)初(chu)步(bu)恢復。到(dao)(dao)(dao)本(ben)世(shi)紀中(zhong)葉，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量全面(mian)改(gai)善，生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統實現良性循環(huan)(huan)。主要指標是：到(dao)(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)，長(chang)(chang)江、黃河(he)、珠(zhu)江、松花江、淮河(he)、海河(he)、遼河(he)等七大重點流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質優(you)(you)(you)良（達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)優(you)(you)(you)于(yu)Ⅲ類(lei)）比(bi)例總(zong)(zong)體達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)70%以上，地(di)級及(ji)以上城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建成區黑臭(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體均控(kong)制在10%以內，地(di)級及(ji)以上城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)集中(zhong)式飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)優(you)(you)(you)于(yu)Ⅲ類(lei)比(bi)例總(zong)(zong)體高于(yu)93%，全國(guo)地(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質量極(ji)差的(de)(de)比(bi)例控(kong)制在15%左右(you)(you)，近岸海域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質優(you)(you)(you)良（一(yi)、二類(lei)）比(bi)例達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)70%左右(you)(you)。京津(jin)冀(ji)(ji)區域喪失(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)功能(neng)（劣于(yu)Ⅴ類(lei)）的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體斷面(mian)比(bi)例下(xia)(xia)降15個(ge)百分點左右(you)(you)，長(chang)(chang)三(san)角(jiao)、珠(zhu)三(san)角(jiao)區域力(li)爭消除喪失(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)功能(neng)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2030年(nian)(nian)，全國(guo)七大重點流(liu)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質優(you)(you)(you)良比(bi)例總(zong)(zong)體達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)75%以上，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建成區黑臭(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體總(zong)(zong)體得到(dao)(dao)(dao)消除，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)集中(zhong)式飲用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)優(you)(you)(you)于(yu)Ⅲ類(lei)比(bi)例總(zong)(zong)體為(wei)95%左右(you)(you)。

為實(shi)現以(yi)上目(mu)標，行(xing)動計劃(hua)確(que)定(ding)(ding)了(le)十個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)：一是(shi)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)染物排(pai)放。針(zhen)對工業(ye)(ye)、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)生活、農業(ye)(ye)農村(cun)和(he)船舶(bo)港(gang)口等污(wu)染來(lai)源(yuan)，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)相應(ying)的(de)減排(pai)措(cuo)施(shi)。二是(shi)推動經濟結構轉型升級。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快淘(tao)汰落后產能(neng)，合理(li)確(que)定(ding)(ding)產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)布(bu)(bu)局、結構和(he)規模(mo)，以(yi)工業(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)、再生水(shui)(shui)和(he)海水(shui)(shui)利用(yong)(yong)等推動循環(huan)(huan)發(fa)展(zhan)。三是(shi)著力節約保(bao)護(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)。實(shi)施(shi)最嚴格水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量，提(ti)高用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)效率，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)水(shui)(shui)量調(diao)度(du)，保(bao)證(zheng)重要河流生態(tai)流量。四是(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)科技支撐。推廣(guang)示范先(xian)進適用(yong)(yong)技術(shu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基礎研(yan)究和(he)前瞻技術(shu)研(yan)發(fa)，規范環(huan)(huan)保(bao)產業(ye)(ye)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場，加(jia)(jia)(jia)快發(fa)展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)。五是(shi)充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)揮市(shi)(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快水(shui)(shui)價改革，完善(shan)收費政策(ce)，健全(quan)稅收政策(ce)，促進多元投(tou)資(zi)，建(jian)立有利于水(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)的(de)激(ji)勵機制(zhi)(zhi)。六是(shi)嚴格環(huan)(huan)境執(zhi)法監(jian)管(guan)。嚴懲各類環(huan)(huan)境違(wei)法行(xing)為和(he)違(wei)規建(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)行(xing)政執(zhi)法與刑事司法銜接，健全(quan)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境監(jian)測(ce)網(wang)絡。七是(shi)切實(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境管(guan)理(li)。強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)環(huan)(huan)境治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)目(mu)標管(guan)理(li)，深(shen)化(hua)污(wu)染物總(zong)量控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)各類環(huan)(huan)境風險，全(quan)面(mian)(mian)推行(xing)排(pai)污(wu)許可。八(ba)是(shi)全(quan)力保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境安(an)全(quan)。保(bao)障飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)，科學防治(zhi)(zhi)地下水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染，深(shen)化(hua)重點流域水(shui)(shui)污(wu)染防治(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)良好(hao)水(shui)(shui)體和(he)海洋環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。整治(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)黑臭水(shui)(shui)體，直轄(xia)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、省會城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、計劃(hua)單(dan)(dan)列(lie)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)于2017年(nian)底前基本(ben)消除黑臭水(shui)(shui)體。九(jiu)是(shi)明確(que)和(he)落實(shi)各方(fang)(fang)責任(ren)。強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)地方(fang)(fang)政府水(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)責任(ren)，落實(shi)排(pai)污(wu)單(dan)(dan)位主體責任(ren)，國家分(fen)(fen)流域、分(fen)(fen)區(qu)域、分(fen)(fen)海域逐年(nian)考核計劃(hua)實(shi)施(shi)情況，督(du)促各方(fang)(fang)履責到位。十是(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)公眾參與和(he)社會監(jian)督(du)。國家定(ding)(ding)期公布(bu)(bu)水(shui)(shui)質最差、最好(hao)的(de)10個城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)名單(dan)(dan)和(he)各省（區(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)）水(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)境狀況。加(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)社會監(jian)督(du)，構建(jian)全(quan)民行(xing)動格局。