從《國家監察》案例談如何識別監察對象

——訪西南政法大學監察法學院譚宗澤教授

中央(yang)紀委國家監委網(wang)站 曹(cao)靜靜

電視(shi)專題(ti)片《國(guo)家監(jian)察(cha)(cha)》第二(er)集《全面監(jian)督》中有這樣一(yi)個(ge)案例，2018年2月(yue)，吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)省紀(ji)委接到反(fan)映吉(ji)(ji)林(lin)工商學(xue)院副院長張(zhang)國(guo)志(zhi)(zhi)以權謀私的問題(ti)線索。但(dan)是張(zhang)國(guo)志(zhi)(zhi)并非中共(gong)(gong)黨員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，他落(luo)馬時(shi)也并非行政機關公(gong)(gong)務(wu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。監(jian)察(cha)(cha)體制改(gai)革前，在(zai)公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)的教育(yu)、科(ke)研、文化、醫療衛生、體育(yu)等(deng)單(dan)位從事(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)的人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，掌(zhang)管(guan)著公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)資源、行使著公(gong)(gong)權力，但(dan)大多數不(bu)屬于行政監(jian)察(cha)(cha)范疇，非黨員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也不(bu)在(zai)紀(ji)委管(guan)轄范圍，這就出(chu)現(xian)了(le)監(jian)督的空(kong)白。2018年3月(yue)，《監(jian)察(cha)(cha)法》正式(shi)頒布(bu)施行，該法明(ming)確了(le)六(liu)類監(jian)察(cha)(cha)對象，既包(bao)括公(gong)(gong)務(wu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以及參公(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、受委托管(guan)理(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)事(shi)務(wu)組(zu)織中從事(shi)公(gong)(gong)務(wu)的人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，還(huan)涵蓋國(guo)有企業管(guan)理(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、公(gong)(gong)辦(ban)教科(ke)文衛體等(deng)單(dan)位和基層群(qun)眾性自治(zhi)組(zu)織中從事(shi)管(guan)理(li)(li)的人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)，類似張(zhang)國(guo)志(zhi)(zhi)這樣的身份不(bu)再是監(jian)督的盲(mang)區。

那么，我(wo)們(men)(men)應(ying)該如何判斷一(yi)個人是否屬于(yu)(yu)監察對(dui)象(xiang)？除(chu)了(le)張國志(zhi)這樣的(de)高等(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)的(de)副院(yuan)長，醫生、教師、村民(min)小組長、國企業務員(yuan)、協警等(deng)等(deng)，這些人員(yuan)是否屬于(yu)(yu)監察對(dui)象(xiang)？對(dui)此(ci)，我(wo)們(men)(men)采訪了(le)西南政(zheng)法大學監察法學院(yuan)譚宗(zong)澤教授。

問：監(jian)察(cha)(cha)法(fa)(fa)第三條(tiao)規定(ding)：“各(ge)級(ji)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)委員(yuan)會是行(xing)使(shi)國家監(jian)察(cha)(cha)職(zhi)(zhi)能的專責機關，依照本法(fa)(fa)對(dui)所有(you)行(xing)使(shi)公(gong)權力的公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)（以(yi)下稱(cheng)公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)）進行(xing)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)”。政務(wu)處分(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)（草案(an)）第二(er)條(tiao)也規定(ding)：“公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)有(you)違法(fa)(fa)行(xing)為，需要給(gei)予(yu)政務(wu)處分(fen)(fen)的，由處分(fen)(fen)決定(ding)機關、單(dan)位依照本法(fa)(fa)給(gei)予(yu)政務(wu)處分(fen)(fen)。”請您談一(yi)談什么(me)是“公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人員(yuan)”？

譚宗澤：監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)法(fa)第十五條列舉(ju)了(le)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)對象(xiang)，也就是(shi)公(gong)職人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的范圍：（一）中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)代表大會及其(qi)常務委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政府、監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢察(cha)(cha)院(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)政治協商(shang)會議各(ge)級委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、民(min)(min)主黨(dang)派機(ji)(ji)關(guan)和工商(shang)業聯(lian)合(he)會機(ji)(ji)關(guan)的公(gong)務員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，以(yi)及參照《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)和國(guo)公(gong)務員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》管理的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；（二(er)）法(fa)律、法(fa)規(gui)授權(quan)或者受國(guo)家機(ji)(ji)關(guan)依(yi)法(fa)委(wei)(wei)托(tuo)管理公(gong)共(gong)事(shi)務的組(zu)織中(zhong)(zhong)從事(shi)公(gong)務的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；（三）國(guo)有企業管理人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；（四(si)）公(gong)辦的教育、科研、文化、醫(yi)療衛生、體育等(deng)單位(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)從事(shi)管理的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；（五）基(ji)層(ceng)群眾(zhong)性自治組(zu)織中(zhong)(zhong)從事(shi)管理的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；（六）其(qi)他依(yi)法(fa)履行(xing)公(gong)職的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。政務處分法(fa)（草案）第三條也采取列舉(ju)的方(fang)式規(gui)定了(le)公(gong)職人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的范圍，該規(gui)定與(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)法(fa)的規(gui)定是(shi)一致(zhi)的。

其中，立法機關(guan)、行(xing)政(zheng)機關(guan)、司法機關(guan)中的(de)(de)(de)國家工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是典型的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)職人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，這(zhe)些(xie)國家機關(guan)中的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也是公(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法所(suo)稱的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，即這(zhe)些(xie)人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)屬(shu)于依法履行(xing)公(gong)(gong)職，被(bei)納入了國家行(xing)政(zheng)編制，并由國家財(cai)政(zheng)負(fu)擔(dan)工(gong)(gong)資福利(li)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

前段(duan)時間(jian)，中(zhong)央紀(ji)委國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)委網站(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)：“中(zhong)國(guo)華電(dian)集團(tuan)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司原黨組副書記、總經理(li)(li)(li)云(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)涉嫌(xian)嚴重違紀(ji)違法(fa)，目前正接(jie)受中(zhong)央紀(ji)委國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)委紀(ji)律審查(cha)和監(jian)察(cha)調(diao)查(cha)。”云(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)作為中(zhong)國(guo)華電(dian)集團(tuan)有(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的黨組副書記、總經理(li)(li)(li)，不屬于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)員(yuan)，但屬于(yu)(yu)監(jian)察(cha)法(fa)第(di)十五(wu)條列舉的“國(guo)有(you)企業管理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)”，也屬于(yu)(yu)監(jian)察(cha)法(fa)上(shang)的“公(gong)(gong)(gong)職人員(yuan)”，因此國(guo)家(jia)監(jian)委可以對其(qi)進行監(jian)察(cha)調(diao)查(cha)。

問：如何判斷一個人是否屬于監察(cha)對(dui)象？有哪(na)些(xie)判斷標準(zhun)？

譚宗澤：監(jian)察(cha)法將黨(dang)政機關、人(ren)民(min)團體、依法授權或受委托組織(zhi)、基(ji)層群眾性(xing)自(zi)治組織(zhi)、國有(you)企事業單(dan)位組織(zhi)等(deng)(deng)單(dan)位中(zhong)，從事公(gong)務(wu)或從事管理的(de)人(ren)員等(deng)(deng)的(de)職(zhi)務(wu)違法和職(zhi)務(wu)犯罪(zui)行(xing)為，都納(na)入了(le)國家監(jian)察(cha)的(de)范(fan)圍。國家監(jian)察(cha)的(de)對象是(shi)“所有(you)行(xing)使公(gong)權力的(de)公(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)員”。

監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)法明確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象并不(bu)包括機關組織(zhi)等，而是(shi)(shi)以(yi)這(zhe)些機關組織(zhi)中的(de)(de)工作人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)為監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)僅是(shi)(shi)具體的(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。具體來說，要(yao)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)一個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)否屬于依法履(lv)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)職(zhi)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，不(bu)僅要(yao)看其(qi)是(shi)(shi)否具備公(gong)(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)身份(fen)，主(zhu)要(yao)還(huan)要(yao)看其(qi)是(shi)(shi)否是(shi)(shi)在行(xing)使公(gong)(gong)權(quan)力、履(lv)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)務，其(qi)所涉嫌(xian)的(de)(de)違法或者(zhe)犯罪行(xing)為是(shi)(shi)否損害(hai)了公(gong)(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)及公(gong)(gong)權(quan)力運行(xing)所要(yao)求的(de)(de)廉(lian)潔性。而要(yao)具體判(pan)定(ding)(ding)一個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)否屬于監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象，依據監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)法第三條的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)主(zhu)要(yao)就要(yao)看其(qi)是(shi)(shi)否符合(he)這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)條件：一是(shi)(shi)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)否“行(xing)使公(gong)(gong)權(quan)力”，二是(shi)(shi)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)否具有“公(gong)(gong)職(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)”的(de)(de)身份(fen)。一般只(zhi)要(yao)具備這(zhe)兩(liang)大要(yao)素中的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)，就可以(yi)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)為屬于監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象。

但(dan)這里存在一個(ge)問題，即(ji)“公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)”所(suo)(suo)涵蓋的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)不僅包括了(le)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，還包括其(qi)(qi)他行(xing)使(shi)(shi)公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)非公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。也就(jiu)是(shi)說，以“公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)”為標準來(lai)(lai)(lai)識(shi)別具體的(de)(de)(de)監察(cha)對(dui)象(xiang)可以將所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)及其(qi)(qi)他行(xing)使(shi)(shi)公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)納入監察(cha)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)范圍(wei)；反之，行(xing)使(shi)(shi)公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不一定具備(bei)“公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)身份(fen)(fen)，以“公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)”身份(fen)(fen)為識(shi)別標準來(lai)(lai)(lai)認(ren)(ren)定具體的(de)(de)(de)監察(cha)對(dui)象(xiang)就(jiu)不能涵蓋所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)“公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)”的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。即(ji)“公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)”與“公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)”這兩個(ge)具體識(shi)別標準之間是(shi)必要不充分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)，我們應以“公(gong)權(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)”為主要識(shi)別標準，再(zai)輔之以“公(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)”這一身份(fen)(fen)標準來(lai)(lai)(lai)具體認(ren)(ren)定一個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)否屬于國(guo)家監察(cha)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)。

從監(jian)察法第(di)(di)三條、第(di)(di)十五條的(de)規定來看，其是以行(xing)(xing)使(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)力，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員身份(fen)、履行(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)事務(wu)與提供公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)財(cai)(cai)產等(deng)要素為標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，以廉潔從政(zheng)、廉潔從業為要求(qiu)來認定監(jian)察對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)的(de)。廉潔從政(zheng)是對(dui)(dui)享有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)力的(de)人(ren)員的(de)要求(qiu)；廉潔從業是對(dui)(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)事務(wu)和(he)提供公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)財(cai)(cai)產與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)資源的(de)人(ren)員的(de)要求(qiu)。因此，要判斷一(yi)個人(ren)是否(fou)屬(shu)于監(jian)察對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)，既要看其是否(fou)具有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員的(de)身份(fen)，關(guan)鍵還(huan)要看其是否(fou)是在行(xing)(xing)使(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)力、履行(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)事務(wu)、提供公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)服(fu)務(wu)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)財(cai)(cai)產等(deng)，以公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)財(cai)(cai)綜合(he)實(shi)質性標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)組(zu)合(he)來識(shi)別。

問：醫生、教師(shi)、村民小組長(chang)、國企業(ye)務員、協警(jing)等，這些人(ren)員是否屬于(yu)監察對象？

譚宗澤：對(dui)于這個問題(ti)，我們也應堅持公(gong)權、公(gong)職(zhi)、公(gong)務、公(gong)財的實質性標準來對(dui)這些(xie)人(ren)進(jin)行識(shi)別(bie)。一(yi)般來說(shuo)，醫生、教(jiao)師、村民小組長、國企業務員、協警等(deng)在(zai)一(yi)般情(qing)況下都不會行使“公(gong)權力”，因此應不屬于監察對(dui)象。

但是(shi)，當這(zhe)些(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)于(yu)法律(lv)的(de)(de)授權(quan)或者基(ji)于(yu)委(wei)托(tuo)等(deng)在特定條件(jian)下，符合(he)“行(xing)使公權(quan)力”“履(lv)行(xing)公務”而又(you)違反廉(lian)潔從政(zheng)、廉(lian)潔從業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)時，就(jiu)可能被(bei)納入監(jian)(jian)(jian)察對象(xiang)范圍。例如，對國(guo)有或集體(ti)所有的(de)(de)財產(chan)(chan)負(fu)有經(jing)(jing)(jing)營管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督責任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)應屬于(yu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察對象(xiang)，其(qi)主要是(shi)國(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，一(yi)般(ban)就(jiu)包括(kuo)國(guo)有企(qi)業(ye)(ye)領(ling)導(dao)班子成員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中層(ceng)和基(ji)層(ceng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、特定崗位(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)及其(qi)他負(fu)有國(guo)有資產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)責任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)。其(qi)中，領(ling)導(dao)班子成員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要就(jiu)包括(kuo)國(guo)有獨資企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、國(guo)有控股(gu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)及其(qi)分支機構(gou)的(de)(de)領(ling)導(dao)班子成員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，如設立董事(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中由(you)國(guo)有股(gu)權(quan)代(dai)表(biao)出任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)董事(shi)長、副(fu)(fu)董事(shi)長、董事(shi)，總(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、副(fu)(fu)總(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，黨委(wei)書(shu)記、副(fu)(fu)書(shu)記、紀(ji)委(wei)書(shu)記，工會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主席等(deng)，以(yi)及未設董事(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)總(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)（總(zong)裁）、副(fu)(fu)總(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)（副(fu)(fu)總(zong)裁），黨委(wei)書(shu)記、副(fu)(fu)書(shu)記、紀(ji)委(wei)書(shu)記，工會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)主席等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；中層(ceng)和基(ji)層(ceng)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)包括(kuo)部門(men)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、副(fu)(fu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)、副(fu)(fu)總(zong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)、車間負(fu)責人(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)；特定崗位(wei)如對國(guo)有資產(chan)(chan)負(fu)有管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)督責任(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)計、出納等(deng)工作人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。