認(ren)真(zhen)貫徹黨中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)和(he)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)紀委持續(xu)深入落實中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)八項(xiang)規定精(jing)神(shen)的(de)部署要(yao)求(qiu),近期,我們立足咸寧(ning)并參考全國各地(di)的(de)典型案例,對(dui)公車(che)改革(ge)后(hou)“車(che)輪腐敗(bai)”新(xin)變異問題進行(xing)了(le)研究,初步概括出新(xin)形勢下(xia)“車(che)輪腐敗(bai)”五大類負面清單,并對(dui)背后(hou)的(de)深層次原因進行(xing)分析,提出對(dui)策(ce)建議。
2019年端午(wu)期間,湖北咸寧紀委監(jian)委干部(bu)在公(gong)安部(bu)門通過“天眼”系(xi)統排(pai)查(cha)違規使用公(gong)車(che)問(wen)題線索。
負面清單
清單(dan)一:公(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)私(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)趨隱蔽(bi)。以咸寧為例(li),黨的(de)(de)十九大以來(lai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)私(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)占“車(che)(che)輪腐敗”問題(ti)60%以上(shang),且呈(cheng)現出隱蔽(bi)化新特點。一是(shi)變(bian)通私(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)。如(ru)(ru)有(you)的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)對干(gan)部開(kai)綠燈,將公(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)當作接送上(shang)下班的(de)(de)通勤車(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。二(er)是(shi)租(zu)車(che)(che)私(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)。有(you)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)款租(zu)賃車(che)(che)輛逃避(bi)監督(du)。三是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)私(si)(si)混用(yong)(yong)。如(ru)(ru)打著辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)事名義辦私(si)(si)事,企圖蒙混過關。四是(shi)擅駕(jia)私(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)。有(you)的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)長期疏于管理,致使(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)長期被駕(jia)駛(shi)員(yuan)私(si)(si)開(kai)私(si)(si)用(yong)(yong)。
清單(dan)二:私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)養名堂多(duo)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)務用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)制度改革后,私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)養問(wen)(wen)題逐(zhu)漸凸顯。首先是私(si)油(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)供(gong)問(wen)(wen)題。此(ci)類(lei)問(wen)(wen)題目(mu)前查處較多(duo),有的(de)(de)是借“私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)”之名,報銷私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)相關費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong);有的(de)(de)則(ze)是利用(yong)(yong)保管公(gong)(gong)(gong)務加油(you)(you)卡的(de)(de)便利,為(wei)私(si)家(jia)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)加油(you)(you)。其次是私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)修問(wen)(wen)題。如以私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)冒充公(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che),到單(dan)位定點(dian)維(wei)修廠維(wei)修,費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)由單(dan)位結算。還(huan)有私(si)票公(gong)(gong)(gong)報問(wen)(wen)題。如將私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)保險費(fei)(fei)、維(wei)修費(fei)(fei)、年(nian)檢費(fei)(fei)等發票拿到公(gong)(gong)(gong)家(jia)報賬。
清單三(san):超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)(biao)配(pei)(pei)備耍手段。高(gao)壓之(zhi)下(xia),有(you)的干部仍然存在(zai)特權思(si)想,變換手法超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)(biao)配(pei)(pei)備用車。有(you)的在(zai)發票上(shang)(shang)動手腳,通過(guo)“技術”處理(li)試圖掩蓋(gai)超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)(biao)配(pei)(pei)備事實。如(ru)咸(xian)寧市(shi)(shi)中醫醫院原黨(dang)委(wei)書(shu)記劉(liu)某超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)(biao)配(pei)(pei)備公車,將超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)(biao)準部分(fen)變更為購置車輛(liang)精品配(pei)(pei)飾名(ming)目,分(fen)2張開具(ju)發票結(jie)算。有(you)的在(zai)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)上(shang)(shang)花心思(si),通過(guo)“轉嫁”方式試圖為違(wei)規配(pei)(pei)備披上(shang)(shang)合理(li)外衣(yi)。如(ru)山(shan)東省聊城市(shi)(shi)東元資產經營有(you)限公司黨(dang)委(wei)書(shu)記、董事長王某在(zai)未辦理(li)車控審批手續情況(kuang)下(xia),擅自決定(ding)以下(xia)屬公司名(ming)義違(wei)規購買三(san)輛(liang)公務(wu)用車,其中超(chao)(chao)(chao)標(biao)(biao)準購置一輛(liang)別克商務(wu)車。
清單四:借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)占用(yong)(yong)享特權(quan)。面對(dui)公車(che)(che)改革后的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)荒問(wen)題,有單位(wei)把(ba)手伸向了下(xia)(xia)屬(shu)(shu)單位(wei)或管理服務對(dui)象。有的(de)(de)借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)下(xia)(xia)屬(shu)(shu)單位(wei)車(che)(che)輛,還將產(chan)生的(de)(de)燃(ran)油(you)費(fei)、維修費(fei)等在下(xia)(xia)屬(shu)(shu)單位(wei)報銷。有的(de)(de)找管理服務對(dui)象借(jie)(jie)車(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)且久借(jie)(jie)不還,甚至為規避監督不用(yong)(yong)公車(che)(che)借(jie)(jie)私車(che)(che)。如咸寧市(shi)通山縣人民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)審(shen)判(pan)委(wei)員(yuan)會委(wei)員(yuan)、立案(an)庭審(shen)判(pan)員(yuan)徐某(mou)長(chang)期借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)案(an)件當事人轎車(che)(che)供個人使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。
清單(dan)五:油(you)卡消費(fei)搞任(ren)性。有的(de)人貪欲膨脹,打公(gong)務(wu)加(jia)油(you)卡的(de)主意,變(bian)著花樣撈好處。有的(de)單(dan)位負(fu)責人特意辦(ban)理加(jia)油(you)主、副(fu)卡,明修棧道暗度陳倉(cang)“揩(kai)油(you)”。有的(de)利用公(gong)務(wu)油(you)卡管理漏洞,用油(you)卡購買個人消費(fei)物品。如遼(liao)寧省遼(liao)陽市文圣區礦產(chan)品銷售計(ji)量服務(wu)中心副(fu)主任(ren)劉某,利用單(dan)位加(jia)油(you)卡在加(jia)油(you)站(zhan)便(bian)利店(dian)購買香煙、燃(ran)油(you)寶等(deng)18次(ci)。
原因探究
上(shang)述五(wu)類公車(che)使用“負面清單”,有(you)的看(kan)似新表現,實則還(huan)是老(lao)問(wen)題(ti)。在正風肅(su)紀的高壓態勢下,改頭(tou)換面的“車(che)輪腐(fu)敗”不(bu)時(shi)冒頭(tou),其中既有(you)少數(shu)黨員干部思(si)想認識層面的主觀原因(yin),也(ye)反(fan)映出(chu)個別地方、單位(wei)在公車(che)管理工作中的漏洞。
一(yi)(yi)是特權思(si)想與僥幸心(xin)理并存。從(cong)(cong)咸寧查處的(de)(de)26起(qi)違規(gui)(gui)配備使(shi)用公(gong)(gong)務用車違紀(ji)(ji)問題主觀動(dong)機和認(ren)錯態度(du)分析,明知故犯或從(cong)(cong)眾心(xin)態的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)23起(qi)占88.46%,不知法紀(ji)(ji)僅有(you)(you)(you)3起(qi)占11.54%。可以看出(chu),有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)人吃公(gong)(gong)家飯就想占公(gong)(gong)家便宜,對侵占公(gong)(gong)共利益不以為然;有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)黨員干(gan)部紀(ji)(ji)律意識(shi)淡漠,對中央(yang)八項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)定精神(shen)和有(you)(you)(you)關規(gui)(gui)定置若(ruo)罔聞;有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)明知自己(ji)的(de)(de)行為違規(gui)(gui)違紀(ji)(ji),卻仍存僥幸心(xin)理,覺得反“四風”、查違規(gui)(gui)用車都抓了這(zhe)么久,風頭應該過去了,只要再(zai)小心(xin)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)、再(zai)隱蔽一(yi)(yi)點(dian)、再(zai)高明一(yi)(yi)點(dian)就不會被發現,等等。
二是隱(yin)形變(bian)異與監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)手段少(shao)并存。隨(sui)著作(zuo)風建設(she)步步深(shen)入,公車腐敗隱(yin)蔽(bi)性(xing)(xing)越來越強(qiang),給監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)帶來實(shi)際困難。各(ge)地(di)雖然(ran)主動運用大數據監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)、群眾監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)等方(fang)式(shi)開(kai)展綜合(he)施治,但實(shi)踐中,像(xiang)發現(xian)問題線索(suo)效果(guo)較(jiao)好的數據監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)就面臨著需要靠人工從數十萬條(tiao)基礎數據中逐條(tiao)篩查比對,精準性(xing)(xing)不高、時(shi)效性(xing)(xing)不強(qiang)等問題,如何提升隱(yin)形變(bian)異問題發現(xian)率,仍缺(que)少(shao)有力技術(shu)支(zhi)撐。
三是制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)短(duan)板與(yu)責任缺(que)失并(bing)存。日(ri)常監督中(zhong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)管(guan)理(li)(li)使(shi)用(yong)仍存在制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)設計層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)“盲區”。如應急用(yong)車(che)管(guan)理(li)(li)使(shi)用(yong)、異地交(jiao)流(liu)任職干部(bu)用(yong)車(che)等配套細化不(bu)夠(gou),鄉鎮等基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務用(yong)車(che)保障機制(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)究不(bu)夠(gou)等。出現(xian)(xian)“車(che)輪腐敗(bai)”,很(hen)大程度(du)上還與(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)粗放(fang)密切相關。如有的(de)單(dan)(dan)位假期車(che)輛(liang)封存、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)定點停放(fang)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)使(shi)用(yong)審批報(bao)(bao)告等制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)執(zhi)行(xing)不(bu)嚴。有的(de)單(dan)(dan)位公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)改革不(bu)到(dao)位,執(zhi)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)務用(yong)車(che)使(shi)用(yong)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)存在打折扣(kou)、搞變通現(xian)(xian)象。有的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)管(guan)理(li)(li)缺(que)乏規范(fan)性,加油卡使(shi)用(yong)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)經費報(bao)(bao)銷等管(guan)理(li)(li)混亂,出現(xian)(xian)專卡不(bu)專用(yong)、報(bao)(bao)銷隨意(yi)性大等問(wen)題。再加上一些(xie)地方、單(dan)(dan)位落實全面從(cong)嚴治黨主體責任不(bu)力,對(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)管(guan)理(li)(li)缺(que)乏有效監督,對(dui)苗頭(tou)性、傾向(xiang)性問(wen)題不(bu)能及時制(zhi)(zhi)止和糾正,為(wei)“車(che)輪腐敗(bai)”提供了機會。
四(si)是(shi)配套措施滯后與現實需(xu)求并存。按照(zhao)有關(guan)規定,黨(dang)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)應當(dang)推進公務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)設,將各(ge)類公務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)納(na)入平(ping)臺(tai)集中(zhong)管理,采用(yong)(yong)信息化(hua)手段(duan)統籌調度(du)、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)使用(yong)(yong),鼓勵通(tong)過社會化(hua)專業機(ji)構提高(gao)(gao)平(ping)臺(tai)管理運(yun)行效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。但實際(ji)中(zhong),現階段(duan)公務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)無論從(cong)規模還(huan)是(shi)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)上,均難以滿足(zu)各(ge)單位(wei)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)需(xu)求。以咸寧為例(li),公務(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺(tai)尚處(chu)于“保守(shou)”運(yun)營階段(duan),最(zui)多(duo)僅能提供二十多(duo)臺(tai)公車(che)(che)(che)(che)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu),一般(ban)僅用(yong)(yong)于保障重要公務(wu)(wu)(wu)活動出行。目前,很多(duo)單位(wei)面臨“公車(che)(che)(che)(che)平(ping)臺(tai)叫車(che)(che)(che)(che)難、社會租(zu)賃價格高(gao)(gao)、私(si)車(che)(che)(che)(che)公用(yong)(yong)有風(feng)險”等難題,公務(wu)(wu)(wu)出行得不到保障,于是(shi)開始另(ling)找(zhao)門路。
對策建議
針對負面(mian)清單所列問題,可考慮從人(ren)、技、物(wu)、制四個方(fang)面(mian)下功(gong)夫,構建(jian)全(quan)方(fang)位(wei)、立體(ti)化監督(du)格局。
一是強化“人防”。各(ge)級黨(dang)組織要扛起責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren),加強公務用車(che)管理(li)(li)規范化、實(shi)效化。公車(che)監(jian)(jian)管職(zhi)能部門(men)(men)(men)應加快(kuai)建立全方位(wei)、立體化監(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)制,機(ji)關(guan)事務管理(li)(li)部門(men)(men)(men)定(ding)期(qi)運(yun)用多部門(men)(men)(men)數(shu)據關(guan)聯比對分析快(kuai)速挖掘出隱藏(zang)的問(wen)題(ti)線索;財政、審計部門(men)(men)(men)將公務用車(che)燃油費(fei)(fei)使用情況作為(wei)“三公”經費(fei)(fei)審計、監(jian)(jian)督(du)的重要內容;各(ge)級紀檢監(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)建立公務用車(che)重點(dian)問(wen)題(ti)線索快(kuai)查快(kuai)結(jie)機(ji)制,強化追責(ze)(ze)(ze)問(wen)責(ze)(ze)(ze)力度,在(zai)嚴肅(su)(su)處理(li)(li)直接(jie)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)人的同時(shi),要根據情形(xing)嚴肅(su)(su)追究相關(guan)黨(dang)組織及(ji)其負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)人的主體責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)和(he)監(jian)(jian)督(du)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren),并點(dian)名(ming)道姓通報曝光。
二是強化“技防”。將糾治“四(si)風(feng)(feng)”數(shu)(shu)據監(jian)(jian)(jian)督平(ping)臺建設與紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關信息化建設結合(he),高標準(zhun)建成(cheng)糾治“四(si)風(feng)(feng)”數(shu)(shu)據監(jian)(jian)(jian)督網,實現“四(si)風(feng)(feng)”數(shu)(shu)據收集、比對、分(fen)析、發現、查處(chu)智(zhi)能(neng)化運作、高效(xiao)率監(jian)(jian)(jian)督。搭(da)建大平(ping)臺的同(tong)時,建成(cheng)公(gong)務(wu)(wu)用車(che)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督子平(ping)臺,打通公(gong)安(an)、機(ji)關事務(wu)(wu)管理、石油(you)公(gong)司(si)、紀檢監(jian)(jian)(jian)察等(deng)相關部門對公(gong)務(wu)(wu)用車(che)運行數(shu)(shu)據的平(ping)臺壁壘,通過(guo)對“公(gong)務(wu)(wu)用車(che)正(zheng)常(chang)休假日加(jia)油(you)、公(gong)務(wu)(wu)用車(che)每次(ci)加(jia)油(you)使(shi)用量不合(he)理、每天有效(xiao)加(jia)油(you)量超過(guo)車(che)輛總數(shu)(shu)、公(gong)務(wu)(wu)油(you)卡消費其他物品”等(deng)重點問題定向比對查找、預警識別(bie),提升監(jian)(jian)(jian)督質效(xiao)。
三是強化“物防(fang)”。加快建設區域性公(gong)務(wu)用(yong)車服務(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺,將機(ji)(ji)要、應急(ji)、調研接待、跨部門(men)綜合執法等車輛納入(ru)平(ping)(ping)臺集(ji)中統一(yi)管(guan)(guan)理(li),對(dui)公(gong)務(wu)出(chu)行實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)高效保障,同時實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)公(gong)車運(yun)行全過程監(jian)控、運(yun)維費用(yong)全流程記錄,公(gong)車管(guan)(guan)理(li)信息系統一(yi)鍵匯(hui)總分析,逐(zhu)步實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)公(gong)車管(guan)(guan)理(li)“一(yi)張網”。用(yong)車單位、公(gong)車主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)部門(men)、紀檢監(jian)察機(ji)(ji)關、審計部門(men)、財(cai)政部門(men)都可以(yi)將平(ping)(ping)臺作為公(gong)務(wu)用(yong)車使用(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)及監(jian)督的有效工(gong)具。
四是(shi)強(qiang)化“制防”。注(zhu)(zhu)重提升(sheng)制度實效(xiao)性,綜(zong)合(he)分析“負面清單”的具體情形(xing)、認定標準(zhun)和(he)處理(li)方式等(deng),出臺嚴格規范(fan)的責(ze)任追究實施辦(ban)法(fa)。注(zhu)(zhu)重提升(sheng)制度適用(yong)(yong)(yong)性,完善“三公”經費管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)、公務用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)等(deng)制度規定,梳理(li)解決(jue)應(ying)急用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)、異地交流任職干部(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)、鄉鎮(zhen)等(deng)基層公務用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)保(bao)障機制等(deng)操作層面的問題。注(zhu)(zhu)重提升(sheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)規范(fan)性,探(tan)索完善公車(che)(che)(che)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)標準(zhun)體系,推進公務用(yong)(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)(che)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)科學化、精細化。(湖北省咸寧市委(wei)常委(wei)、市紀委(wei)書記、市監委(wei)代(dai)主任 朱慶剛)